Chapter VII Restraints

BAB VII
RESTRAINTS

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 Chapter VII Restraints

7.1 Anchors

Connecting node
(rigidly fix)
Stiff : 6 DOF

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7.2 Anchors with Displacement

Displacement for
the node
Dis : 6 DOF

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7.3 Flexible Anchors

Use six flexible restraints

Put :
4 restraints on first
element
2 restraints on next
element

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7.4 Flexible Anchors with Predefined

Displacement

Use six flexible restraints

Put :
* 4 restraints on first element
* 2 restraints on next element
* Define connecting node
(Cnode)
* Spec : displacement
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Flexible Anchors with Predefined

Displacement

Continued...

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7.5 Flexible Nozzle (WRC Bulletin 297)

Adhere to these requirements when modeling flexible
nozzles:
• Frame only one pipe element into the nozzle node.
• Do not place restraints at the nozzle node.
• Do not place anchors at the nozzle node.
• Do not specify displacements for the nozzle node.
CAESAR II automatically performs the following functions:
• calculates nozzle flexibilities for the nozzle/vessel data entered

by the user
• calculates and inserts restraints to simulate the nozzle
flexibilities
• calculates flexibilities for the axial translations,
circumferential, and longitudinalbending
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Example :

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7.5.1 Flexible Nozzle with Predefined Displacements

Define a unique vessel

node on the Nozzle
Spreadsheet

Applly the predefined

displacement to the
vessel node

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7.5.2 Flexible Nozzle with Complete Vessel Model

Define a unique vessel node on

the Nozzle Spreadsheet
Model the actual vessel length
using pipe element
Use an anchor to model the
vessel anchorage point
Run a rigid element between the
vessel node defined on the
Nozzle Spreadsheet and the
centerline of the vessel
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Example : Full WRC 297 and Vessel

Model

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7.6 Double Acting Restraints

Translational

Rotational

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7.7 Single-Directional Restraints

+Y : move freely  pos Y

: restraints  neg Y

CNode : Connecting Node

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7.8 Guide
• Double-acting restraints with or without a specified gap.
• Connecting Nodes (CNode) can be used with guides.
• May be using the global coordinate or restraints type
GUI
• A “guide” pipe in horizontal : acting in the horizontal
plane, orthogonal to the axis of pipe
• A “guide” vertical pipe : X and Z direction supports
• Direction cosines : compute by CAESAR II
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Example :

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7.9 Limit Stops

• Single or double-acting restraint whose line of action is
along the axis the pipe
• The sign on the single-directional restraints : unlimited
free movement
• The gab is the distance of permitted free movement
along the restraints line of action
• Always positive, restraints type : LIM
• Connecting Nodes (Cnode) may be used with any Limit
Stop Model
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Example :

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7.10 Windows
• Equal leg windows are modeled using two double-acting
restraints with gaps orthogonal to the pipe axis.
• Unequal leg windows are modeled using four single-acting
restraints with gaps orthogonal to the pipe axis.
• The gap is always positive. If there is no sign, then the
restraint is double-acting and the gap exists on both sides of
the line of action of the restraint. If there is a sign on the
restraint then the gap exists on the “restrained” line of action
of the restraint, i.e. a +Y restraint is restrained against
movement in the -Y direction, and any gap associated with a
+Y restraint is the free movement in the -Y direction before
the restraint begins acting.
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7.11 Rotational
Directional
Restraints with
Gaps

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7.12 Single Directional Restraints with
Predefined Displacement

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7.13 Single-
Directional
Restraint
and Guide

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7.14 Restraint
Settlement

Single
directional
restraints

Predefined
displacement

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7.15 Skewed Double-Acting Restraint

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7.16 Skewed Single-Directional Restraint

May be non linear

A long positive line
of action

Connecting Nodes
(Cnode) can be used Direction
cosines

vector

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7.17 Restraint
Between
Two Pipes
(Use of CNodes)

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7.18 Restraint Between

Vessel and Pipe
Models

CNode  connecting
pipe to rigid element
(vessel shell)

Linear or nonlinear

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7.19 Restraints
on a Bend
at 45o
Rigid rod

Single direction restraints

Move freely +Y direction

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7.19.1
Restraints on
a Bend at 30o
and 60o
3 nodes  angle

0o  “near” point

To node
 “far” point

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7.20 Vertical Dummy Leg on Bends

7.20.1 Near/Far Point Method
• Easy input
• Dummy leg acts along centerline of vertical run
• Dummy leg does not act at the proper place on the bend
curvature

7.20.2 On Curvature Method

• Easy input
• Dummy leg acts at the proper place on the bend curvature
• Dummy leg does not act along the centerline of the vertical run

7.20.3 Offset Element Method

• Difficult input
• Dummy leg acts at the proper place on the bend curvature
• Dummy leg acts along centerline of vertical run
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7.21 Vertical Leg

Attachment
Angle

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7.22 Horizontal Dummy leg is

Dummy Leg defined as a zero-

eight

on Bends rigid supported on

one
end by a spring can.

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7.23 Large Rotation Rods (Basic Model)

XROD +Y or Y
Gap  Len Tolerance : 1 o

YROD
Mu  Fi swing : 5o concave
ZROD

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7.24 Large Rotation Rods (Chain Supports)

Large rotation swing : chain support (Y-Z plane)
two pipes : move freely relative to each other in the axial
direction (Y-X) plane

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7.25 Large Rotation Rods

Constant Effort
Hangers
Very small

Spring Hangers
• Stif, Len, Fi : must be filled
• with or without CNode
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7.26 Large Rotation Rods (Struts)
Stif  K1 (Initial Stiffness)
Rod pull up  Large rotation
effect. Gap  K2 (Yield Stiffness)
Bilinear : 2 direction  Type Mu  Fy ( Yield Load)

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Continued…

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overheated
Plastic Hinges

bending
Translational
Plastic
deformation torsional

Plastic hinge

Bi-linear restraints

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7.27 Sway Brace Assemblies

• Eliminate vibration
• Cold position
• single compression spring
Spring rate: 150 lb/in.
• preventing additional movement Initial loading: 150 lb
Allowed movement: 3 in.

Example: Sway Brace Installed in the Cold

Position

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Spring rate: 150 lb/in.
Example: Sway Brace Installed in the Operating Initial loading: 150 lb
Condition Allowed movement: 3.0 in.
Calculated displacement: .5 in.

First :
Analyze without the sway brace  displacement

CAESAR II  0.5 (D2, Vector 2)

Load on sway brace =

Pre-Load + Hot deflection*Spring Rate
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END OF
RESTRAINTS
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