3D PRINTING

SUHAS G FADNIS
4NI15ME159
INTRODUCTION
• 3D printing is the construction of a three-dimensional object from a CAD model or a digital
CAD model. FDM is the most commonly used 3D printing process as of 2020.
• The first working 3D printer was invented in 1984 by Charles Hull of 3D Systems corp. He
named the technique as stereolithography and obtained a patent in 1986.
• 3D printable models can be created with a CAD package, via a 3D scanner, or by a plain
digital camera and photogrammetry software.
• CAD models can be saved in a STL format, that stores data based on triangulations of the
surface of CAD models, but this was not meant for additive manufacturing as it generated
large file sizes.
• A newer CAD file format, the Additive Manufacturing File Format (AMF) was introduced in
2011 to solve this problem. It stores information using curved triangulations.
TYPES OF 3D PRINTING
STRATI
• Strati is an electric car developed by Local Motors and manufactured in collaboration with
Cincinnati Incorporated and Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
• It is the world’s first electric car to heavily utilize 3D printing during the production process.
• The car just took 44 hours to print during the 2014 International Manufacturing Technology
Show in Chicago. The printing was followed by three days of Milling and assembling, with
it’s first test drive on September 13,2014.
• The Strati is a two seated car . Depending on the configuration of the battery, the range of
the car can be 160 to 190km with a top speed of 64km/hr.
3D PRINTED CARS
THE LSEV
• The LSEV stands for low speed electrical vehicle, which costs around $7500.
• The type of 3D printing used for this was the Fused deposition modelling(FDM).
• The LSEV was manufactured by a Italian manufacturer called X Electrical Vehicle(XEV) in 2019.
Excluding parts like tires, windows, seats and chassis, everything else is 3D printed. This switch of
production leads to more than 70% reduction of the investment cost.
• The LSEV weighs only 450kgs. It’s range is 90 miles(144.8kms) , with a top speed of
43mph(69.2kmph).
• It is made up of not more than 60 parts, compared to over 2000 parts in a conventional car.
• It takes 3 days to 3D print all the components for the LSEV, which is incredibly fast. A conventional
car takes about 3-5 years to finish a new design, it takes XEV only 3-12 months to finish a new design.
• They received over 7000 orders from Europe, 5000 orders from Poste Italiane.
3DIRIGO
• The 3Dirigo is a boat manufactured by the University of Maine. A team of researchers used a
large format 3D printer developed by the UMaine Advanced Structures and Composite Center .
The 3D printer can print objects as long as 100ft by 22ft by 10ft high & offers a print speed of
about 500pounds per hour.
• The boat weighs around 2,268kg and is 25’(7.62m) tall. The boat was printed in just 72 hours!
• 3Dirigo has three Guinness world records :
1. The world’s largest printed 3D boat.
2. The world’s largest 3D printer.
3. The largest solid 3D printed object.
• The 3D printer works like a giant FDM printer, but with a print head fixed on a gantry with rails
to make it easier to move. The material printed with this machine is of biological origin(cellulose
from wood).
3D PRINTED BOAT
ADVANTAGES
• Flexible design.
• Fast design and production.
• Minimising waste.
• Cost effective.
• Environment friendly.
• Easily accessible.
LIMITATIONS
• Limited materials.
• Restricted build size.
• Design inaccuracies.
• Copyright issues.
• Parts may break.
• Post processing.