GENETIC CODES &

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

By: Marilyn E. Bagay

 Genetic Codes 4 types of Nitrogen Bases:
- set of rules by which information
encoded in a genetic material (DNA or
RNA sequences) is translated into
proteins (amino acid sequences) by
living cells.
-language of DNA.

 DNA
- a substance that carries genetic
information in the cells.
-Made up of nucleotides that
contains Phosphate group, Sugar group
and Nitrogen bases.
 Genes
- functional segment of DNA that
provides the genetic information
necessary to build a polypeptide or
RNA molecule.
 RNA
A, U, G, C
 DNA Codons
- Name for a group of 3
bases (triplets) -
3 Base = 64 “code words”

 RNA Codons
- complementary codons that
carry the base U instead of T that
reads the DNA codons.
 STEP 1:
TRANSCRIPTION

 RNA Polymerase
- an enzyme that is responsible for aiding
in unwinding the double helix structure of DNA,
modulates the activities of the enzyme based on
the requirements of the cell and alter the speed
of transcription
 mRNA
- involved with the reading the
messages from the DNA in the nucleus then
convert it into RNA messages that travels
elsewhere to be translated into amino acids
and proteins.
 STEP 2:
TRANSLATION
The translation happens between sub
Ribosome in the Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum.

 Transfer RNA (tRNA)

- transfers amino acids,
a) Anti-codon
- recognizes and knows which
amino acid to place in the chain.
Complementary with the codon in the
mRNA
AUG – meth (start)
UAA
UAG (stop)
UGA