Notes on DNA: Differences between RNA and DNA: Types of RNA (mRNA, tRNA) Nucleoside: 5 Carbon Sugar + Nitrogenous

Base Nucleotide: 5 Carbon Sugar + Nitrogenous Base + Phosphate Components of DNA: Nitrogenous Base, 5 Carbon Sugar (Pentose Sugar), Phosphate Phosphodiester Bond- The covalent chemical bond that holds together the polynucleotide chains of
RNA and DNA by joining a carbon in the pentose sugar of one nucleotide to a carbon in the pentose sugar of the adjacent nucleotide.

Transcription is the process of creating an equivalent mRNA copy of a sequence of DNA . Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a molecule of RNA encoding a chemical "blueprint" for a protein product. mRNA is transcribed from a DNA template, and carries coding information to the sites of protein synthesis: the ribosomes.

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Definition: Translation is the process in which the genetic information on a mRNA molecule is made use of to make proteins. (Place where protein synthesis happens)
Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a small RNA molecule (usually about 74-95 nucleotides) that transfers a specific active amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain at the ribosomal site of protein synthesis during translation.

DNA: Transmission of genetic information a) Double Stranded b) Sugar is called deoxyribose c) Bases are ACTG RNA: Used in protein synthesis. a)Single Stranded b) Sugar is called ribose d) Bases are AUCG Codon: The start codon is generally defined as the point, sequence, at which a ribosome begins to
translate a sequence of RNA into amino acids. AUG is typical start codon.

Anticodon: An Anticodon is a set of three nitrogenous bases on a tRNA that are

complimentary to the codon in an mRNA strand. It allows the genetic code to be translated into a sequence of amino acids in a protein.

Mutation- Disruption of the genetic sequence Viruses- Attach to a host and replicates using hosts DNA