Ohm’s Law

• The triangle is a useful aid to remember

Ohm’s Law formula

𝐕 =𝐈𝐑
 

V
I R
I=
 
R=
 
 Ohm’s Law
•Summary
 

• Ohm’s Law defines the relationship between voltage, current

and resistance.

• Current is directly proportional to voltage.

• Current is inversely proportional to resistance.

• Ohm’s Law:
V=IR I= R=
 Tutorial Questions
1. Calculate the current in each of the following
cases:

(a) V = 15V, R = 10Ω

(b) V = 50V, R = 100Ω
(c) V = 30V, R = 15Ω
 Tutorial Questions
2. Calculate the voltage for each value of I and
R:

(a) I = 2A, R = 18Ω

(b) I = 5A, R = 56Ω
(c) I = 250mA, R = 1.0kΩ
 Tutorial Questions
3. What is the value of the voltage source
required to produce the current flow in the
circuits shown in the figure?
 Tutorial Questions
4. Determine the resistance for each of the
following cases:

(a) V = 10kV, I = 5A
(b) V = 7V, I = 2mA
(c) V = 500V, I = 250mA
 Tutorial Questions

5. What is the resistance of the filament of a

lamp if it operates with 120 V and 0.8 A of
current?
 Tutorial Questions
6. Which one of he following three circuits has
(i) the most current, (ii) the least current?
 Tutorial Questions
7. A circuit consists of a resistor connected across a
voltage source. Determine the changes in the
current when:
(a) The voltage is tripled
(b) The voltage is reduced by 75%
(c) The resistance is tripled
(d) The resistance is reduced by 35%
(e) The voltage is doubled and the resistance is
cut in half
(f) The voltage is doubled and the resistance is
doubled
 Energy And Power
• Energy is the ability to do work.

• Power (P) is a measure of how fast energy is

being used.

• In other words, power is the rate of

consumption of energy.

• One Watt is the amount of power when one

Joule of energy is used in one second.
 Energy And Power
•Power
  equation:

P=
where P = power in Watts (W)

W = energy in Joules (J)

t = time in seconds (s)
 Energy And Power
• 
Example
An amount of energy equal to 100 J is used in 5s.
What is the power in Watts?

Solution:

Power = P = = 20 W
 Energy And Power

Example
If 100 W of power occurs for half a minute,
how much energy, in Joules, is used?

Solution:

Energy = 100 W x 30s = 3 kJ

 The Kilowatt-hour (kWh)
Unit of Energy

• Joule is the SI unit for energy and can also be

expressed as Watt-second (Ws).

• When larger amount of energy is involved,

the kiloWatt-hour instead of Joules is often
used.
 The Kilowatt-hour (kWh)
Unit of Energy

Energy = Power x Time

• Unit of energy is Watt-hour or Wh if power is in

Watts and time in hours.

• Unit of energy is kiloWatt-hour or kWh if power

is in kW and time in hours.
 The Kilowatt-hour (kWh)
Unit of Energy

Example
Determine the number of kWh for each of the
following energy consumptions: (a) 1400 W for 1h
(b) 2500 W for 2h (c) 100,000 W for 5h

Solution:

(a)1400 W = 1.4 kW, W = 1.4kW x 1h = 1.4kWh

(b)2500 W = 2.5 kW, W = 2.5kW x 2h = 5 kWh
(c) 100,000 W = 100 kW, W = 100 kW x 5h = 500 kWh
 The Kilowatt-hour (kWh)
Unit of Energy
Example

A 60 W light bulb is turned on for 8 hours.

Calculate the amount of energy consumed
giving your answer in (a) Joules and (b) kWh.
 Power In An Electric Circuit
• In an electric circuit, power is supplied by the
source and consumed or dissipated in the
resistor.

• Electric energy is converted to heat energy

given off by the resistor when current flows
through it.

• Light bulb and heater are good examples of a

resistive load.
 Power In An Electric Circuit
• 
• The basic expression for calculating power is:
P = VI

• From Ohm’s Law, the equivalent expressions for

power can be found.

P = (IR) I = R and P = V(
Example
(a) Calculate the power dissipated in the circuit
shown in Figure.
(b) What is the new power dissipated if I is
doubled and V remains the same?

I=2A

Solution:

(a) P = 10V x 2A = 20W

(b) P = 10V x 4A = 40W
•Example
 

(a) Calculate the power dissipated in the circuit

shown in Figure.
(b) What is the new power dissipated if R is
doubled and I remains the same?
I=2A

47Ω
Solution:

(a) P = x 47 = 188 W
(b) P = x 94 = 376 W
•Example
 

(a) Calculate the power dissipated in the circuit

shown in Figure.
(b) What is the new power dissipated if V is
doubled and R remains the same?

I=2A

10 Ω
5V

Solution:

(a) P = = 2.5 W
(b) P = = 0.625 W
 Tutorial Questions

1. If an appliance uses 300W and is operated

continuously for 30days, how many

kilowatt-hours does it consume?

 Tutorial Questions

2. What is the resistance value of a load if it

takes a current of 2A from a 75V source?
 Tutorial Questions

3. How much power is consumed by an

electric heater which works on 120V and

draws 3A of current?
 Tutorial Questions

4. Calculate the power dissipation in a 56Ω

resistor which is connected across the
terminals of a 1.5V battery.
 Tutorial Questions

5. How much resistance should a resistor

have if it is required to handle 2A of
current and to dissipate 100W of power?
 Tutorial Questions

6. Determine the energy used in two minutes

by a 10Ω resistor connected across a 12V
source.
 Tutorial Questions

7. A 6.8 kΩ resistor is required to carry a

current of 100mA. What should its power
rating be?
 Tutorial Questions
8. An application requires a resistor to dissipate
a power of about 8W. What should be the
power rating of this resistor? Why?

Assume that the following standard power

ratings are available: 3W, 5W, 8W,12W and
20W.