Introduction

to
Anatomy

Dr. Chaitanya Sagare

M.D. Anatomy
• Anatomy :-A Greek word “ anatome” :- means cutting
up.

• Dissection :- A Latin word

Branches
• 1) Cadaveric Anatomy:- Embalmed body. Helps in Regional or systemic
study.
• 2) Living Anatomy:- Inspection, palpation etc
• 3) Embryology
• 4) Histology
• 5) Surface Anatomy
• 6) Radiology and Imaging anatomy
• 7) Applied anatomy :- Clinical Anatomy
• 8) Genetics:- Chromosomes
Anatomical Nomenclature
• Plane
• Positions
• Relations
Plane
• Median Plane:-
A plane passing through Centre of the body dividing it into two equal

halves. It is also called as midsagittal Plane.

• Coronal Plane:-
A plane divides body into two halves making anterior and posterior
segment is known as coronal plane.
• Transverse Plane:-
A plane divides body into upper and lower part is known as transverse
plane.
Mid
Position
• Anatomical Position:-
Person standing straight with eyes looking forward, both arms by the
side, palms facing forward, feet together.
• Supine Position:-
Lying on back, arms by the side, palm facing upwards, feet together
• Prone Position :-
Lying on face, chest and abdomen.
• Lithotomy Position:-
Lying on back with legs up and feet supported in straps
Anatomical Position
Lithotomy Position
Relation
• Ventral or Anterior :-Front of trunk
• Dorsal or Posterior:- Back of Trunk
• Medial:- Close to the median plane
• Lateral:- Away from median plane
• Proximal:- Close to root of limb
• Distal:- Away from the root
• Cranial :- towards head
• Caudal:- Towards tail or end part
• Superficial:- Close to skin/ Surface of body
• Deep:- Away from skin
• Flexor:- Aspect is front of limb
• Extensor:- Aspect is back of limb
• Abduction :- When taken away from the median plane
• Adduction:- When brought closer to median plane
• Origin:- The end of a muscle which is relatively fixed during its
contraction
• Insertion:- The end of a muscle which moves during its contraction.