Unit 2

Literature Searching and Theoretical Framework

Concept of Literature
Review
● A comprehensive summary of previous
research on a topic
● A search and evaluation of the available
literature in the chosen area
● A comprehensive review of all sources
that are relevant to the proposed
investigation guided by the research
objectives
● Examination of the research that has
been conducted in a particular field of
study
Importance of Literature
Review

● Identifying research topic

● Developing ideas to collect data
● Knowing methods of data analysis
● Know the research design
● Assessing the success of various research design
Purpose of Literature ● Attain a good knowledge of the field of
enquiry
● Generate hypothesis
● Describes methodologies used
● Identifies key areas of missing knowledge
● Provides knowledge about problems faced
by previous researchers on same topic
● Allows to be updated with the state of
research in the field
● Develop research investigative tools and
improve research methodologies
● See what has and has not been investigated
Sources of Literature Review
Books

Research articles

Internet

Reports

Abstracts

Dissertation

Directories
Steps in Literature Review
Search for existing
literature in the area of
05 Write up the literature
reviewed
proposed study.

01 04
Appraise findings and
identify gap
Review the literature
review

02 03
Develop a conceptual
framework
Literature search through the Internet
Research •Research problem is any situation where a gap
exists between the actual and the desired ideal
Problem state.

•It is a clear and precise statement of question or

issue that is to be investigated for finding an answer
or situation.

•It refers to the situation that may or maynot be

putting any problems at present but manager thinks
that things should be improved.
Steps / Process Identify broad problem area

in Problem
Divide the subject area into sub-areas
Formulation
Decide about an area

Define problem

Decide about the objectives

Research Question
•Research question is the statement designed in the
research that identifies the factors to be studied.
•It indicates the purpose and motive of the research
investigation.
•“A well-stated question is a question half-answered.”
•The question should be feasible, clear, significant and
ethical.
Research Questions Observational
/
Relational
Questions

Types of Casual/
Descriptive Research Cause and
Questions Questions effect
questions

Research
questions
seeking
difference
Hypothesis
•Hypothesis is a conjectured statement that implies or
states a relationship between two or more variables.
•It can be defined as a logically estimated relationship
between two or more variables expressed in the form of
testable statement.
•The relationship is estimated on the basis of the network
of associations established in the theoretical framework
formulated for the research work.
Formulation of Hypothesis

Literature
Discussion Internal Data Interview
Review
Types of Hypothesis
Descriptive
hypothesis

Null and
Relational
alternative
Types of hypothesis
hypothesis
Hypothesis

Directional
and non
directional
hypothesis