ACCEPTANCE

SAMPLING &
INSPECTION PLANS
 INTRODUCTION:
Most production industries, especially large ones adopt sampling inspection as their
QC policy because of:
1. Law of statistical regularity:…”moderately large numbers of items chosen at
random from a large group is almost sure on the average to possess the
characteristics of the large group.”
2. Law of inertia of large numbers:…”other things being equal, larger the size
of the sample, more accurate the results are likely to be.”
SITUATIONS
WARRANTING
SAMPLING
INSPECTION:
1.
2.
When the inspection cost is very high.
When there is uniformity in items of the lot.
3. When there is homogeneity.
4. When the population is very high.
5. For life testing (endurance test)
6. If the test is of destructive nature.
 DESIRABLE
CHARACTERISTICS
1.
OF A SAMPLE:
Homogeneity
2. Adequacy
3. Independence
4. Representativeness
POLLING

Which of the following is a subset of

population?
a) distribution
b) sample
c) data
d) set
 MERITS OF SAMPLING
1.
INSPECTION:
Easy and simple
2. Neither insists or depends on existence of detailed information.
3. Unbiased and up to reasonably fair precision.
4. Possible to evaluate the relative efficiency of various sample designs.
5. Comparatively cheaper.
6. Consumes less time with reasonable accuracy.
 LIMITATIONS OF
SAMPLING INSPECTION:
1. Requires a high level of knowledge and understanding of
the process and product characteristics and their
suitability.
2. Certain products may escape from the eyes of the
inspector, which may affect the entire system adversely.
3. More accuracy requires more samples, hence more
cost…
4. Personal prejudices and biases may affect the quality
level and accuracy or precision.
5. The decisive power of affecting or rejecting sample
varies from person to person.
6. Environmental effects may interfere with human
behavior which may influence the quality level.
POLLING

Any population which we want to study is

referred as?
a) standard population
b) final population
c) infinite population
d) target population
 METHODS OF
SELECTION OF A
SAMPLE FOR
Random Sampling Methods
SAMPLING
Unrestricted INSPECTION
Random Sampling
Stratified Sampling
Systematic Sampling
Cluster or multistage Sampling
Non-Random Sampling Methods
Judgment Sampling or Purpose or Deliberate Sampling
Convenience Sampling or Chunk
Quota Sampling
POLLING

Suppose we want to make a voters list for

the general elections 2019 then we require
__________
a) sampling error
b) random error
c) census
d) simple error
 FACTORS AFFECTING
THE SELECTION OF
SAMPLE FOR SAMPLING
INSPECTION
1. Size of population
2. Resources available
3. Degree of accuracy and precision required
4. Homogeneity or heterogeneity of the population
5. Nature of inspection
6. Method of selecting the sample
7. Nature and requirement of the customers
 SAMPLING PLANS
Any sampling plan is specified by following three values:
1. No. of units in the incoming lot of material (N)
2. Sample Size that is to be inspected (n)
3. The maximum number of defective items allowed in the
sample (c)
 METHODS OF
ACCEPTANCE SAMPLING
Sampling plans may be classified under the following three
categories:
1. Single Sampling Plan
2. Double Sampling Plan
3. Multiple or Sequential Sampling Plan
 OPERATING
CHARACTERISTICS
CURVE
The operating characteristic (OC) curve depicts the
discriminatory power of an acceptance sampling plan.
The OC curve plots the probabilities of accepting a lot
versus the fraction defective. When the OC curve is
plotted, the sampling risks are obvious.
 OPERATING
CHARACTERISTICS
CURVE