CH 08

Ninth Edition
CHAPTER VECTOR MECHANICS FOR ENGINEERS:
98
STATICS
Ferdinand P. Beer
E. Russell Johnston, Jr.
Lecture Notes:
Structural
J. Walt Oler
Texas Tech University
Analysis
© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Edition
Ninth
Chapter Objectives
 To learn how to determine the forces in the

members of a truss using the method of
joints and the method of sections.
 To analyze the forces acting on the members

of frames.
© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 2-2

Edition
Ninth
Contents
Introduction Sample Problem 9.6
Simple Trusses Sample Problem 9.7
Method of Joints
Sample Problem 6.1
Sample Problem 6.2
Sample Problem 6.3
Zero-Force Members
Method of Sections
Sample Problem 9.4
Sample Problem 9.5
Space Trusses
Frames and Machines
© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 9- 3

Edition
Ninth
Introduction
• Previously we considered the forces as its own and

acts separately either on a point or distributed on a
rigid body.
- The analyses were performed as resultant,

components of the x and y axes or as a
moment.
- The resultant and moment were determined by
computing the sum of forces in (x, y) axes and
first moments based on the equilibrium
equations.
© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 9- 4

Edition
Ninth
• Will now consider the forces that acts on members

(as a rigid body) and applies in the structural analysis.
- To determine the magnitude of the forces, moment
of the force distribution with respect to the axis.
- To apply of the resultant force (load) in the design
of the trusses structure with respect to strength and
safety.
• Current chapter will present methods for computing

the forces in the members of a truss using the
method of joints and the method of sections.

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Simple Trusses
• A simple truss is a structure

composed of slender members
joined together at their end points.
• Each component of the trusses is

called members. Common materials
used in construction of trusses
(struts, joists and purlins) are
wooden or metal bars.
• Indeed, trusses lie in a single plane

(planar), therefore the analysis of
the forces developed in the truss
members will be in two-dimensional.
Figure 8-1

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Simple Trusses
• This simple truss are commonly

used to support roofs and
bridges.
• Figure 8–1a is an example of a

typical roof-supporting truss.
The load from roof is
transmitted to the truss at the
joints by means of a series of
members.
Figure 8-1

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Simple Trusses
• In a bridge, the load on the deck is
first transmitted to stringers, to floor
beams, and finally to the two support
side trusses (Figure 8–2a). Like the
roof truss, the bridge truss loading is
also coplanar (Figure 8–2b).
• When bridge or roof trusses extend

over large distances, a rocker or roller
is commonly used for supporting one
end, example, joint A (Figures. 8–1a
and 8–2a).
• This is to allow freedom for minor

expansion or contraction of the
members due to changes in Figure 8-2
temperature or load applies.
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Simple Trusses
Assumptions for Design Truss Structure
• In design of a truss (both the members and joints), it is necessary to

determine the force developed in each member, when the truss is
subjected to a designed load.
• To do this, it is required two important assumptions:
i. All loads (forces) are applied at the joints.
ii. The members are joined together by smooth pins.
i. All loads (forces) are applied at the joints.
• In roof trusses and bridge design, weight of the members is neglected

because the applied force (load) is usually much larger than its weight.
• If the weight is to be included, it is satisfactory to apply as a vertical force,

with half of the magnitude applied at each end of the member.

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Ninth
Simple Trusses
ii. Members are joined together by smooth pins
• The joint connections are usually formed by bolting /welding the ends of the
members to a gusset plate, (Figure 8–3a) or
• By passing a large bolt or pin through each of the members (Figure 8–3b).
• This connections can be assume act as pins, and the center lines of the
joining members are concurrent.
Figure 8-3
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Simple Trusses
Tensile and Compressive Members
• Each truss will act as a two-force member, and
the force acting at the end of each member and
will be directed along the axis of the member.
• If the force tends to elongate the member, it is
a tensile force (Figure 8–4a). If it tends to
shorten the member, it is a compressive force
(Figure 8–4b).
• In the design of a truss, important to state
whether the member is in tensile or
compressive.
• In construction members in compression must
be built thicker than in tension because in Figure 8-4
nature “buckling” or “column effect” will be
occurs.

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Simple Truss
Simple Truss
• If three members are pin connected at
their ends, they form a triangular truss that
will be rigid (Figure 8–5).
• Attaching two more members and

connecting these members to a new joint
Figure 8–5
D forms a larger trusses (Figure 8–6).
• This procedure can be repeated as many

times as desired to form an even larger
trusses.
• Simple truss is the construction by

expanding the basic triangular truss to
form a larger rigid structure.
Figure 8–6

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Structural Analysis
The Method of Joints
• This method is based on the equilibrium

of entire truss, then each of its joints is
also in equilibrium.
• If the free-body diagram of each joint is

drawn, the force equilibrium equations
can be used to obtain the member
forces acting on each joint.
• Each joint is subjected to a force

system that is coplanar and concurrent.
• As a result, only ΣFx = 0 and ΣFy = 0

need to be satisfied for equilibrium.
Figure 8-7
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Structural Analysis
• Consider the truss in Figure 8–7a, fixed with
pin at joint B. Three forces act on the pin, the
500 N force and the forces exerted by
members BA and BC.
• The free-body diagram of the pin act by three
forces at point B is shown in Figure 8–7b.
• FBA is “pulling” on the pin, which means that

member BA is in tension;
• FBC is “pushing” on the pin, and consequently

member BC is in compression.
• These effects can be demonstrated by isolating
the joint with small segments of the member
connected to the pin, (Figure 8–7c).
Figure 8-7
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Structural Analysis
• Always start at a joint having at least one known
force and at most two unknown forces, as in
Figure 8–7b.
• Applies the Equilibrium equations ΣFx = 0 and ΣFy

= 0 and resulting two algebraic equations which
can be solved for the two unknowns.
• When applying these equations, use the correct
sense of an unknown force in the member.
Figure 8-7
• The correct sense direction of unknown member
force in many cases, can be determined “by
inspection.”
• In Figure 8–7b, FBC must push on the pin

(compression) since its horizontal component FBC
sin 45° must balance the 500 N force (ΣFX = 0).

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Structural Analysis
• Likewise, FBA is a tensile force since it
balances the vertical component, FBC
cos 45° (ΣFy = 0).
• The sense of an unknown member force
also can be assumed;
• Applying the equilibrium equations, the
assumed sense can be verified from the
numerical results.
Figure 8-7
• A positive answer indicates that the
sense is correct, while a negative
answer indicates that the sense must be
reversed.

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Structural Analysis
• Always assume the unknown member forces acting on the
joint’s free-body diagram to be in tension; i.e., the forces “pull”
on the pin.
• If this is done, then numerical solution of the equilibrium
equations will yield positive scalars for members in tension and
negative scalars for members in compression.
• Once an unknown member force is found, use its correct
magnitude and sense (T or C) on subsequent joint free-body
diagrams.
© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 9 - 17

Edition
Ninth
Structural Analysis : The Method of Joints

Procedure for Analysis
The procedure for analyzing a truss using the method of joints.
• Draw the free-body diagram of a joint having at least one known force
and at most two unknown forces.
If this joint is at one of the supports, then it may be necessary first to calculate the
external reactions at the support.
• Use one of the two methods described above for establishing the sense
of an unknown force.
• Shows the forces free-body diagram in the x and y axes, so that it can
be easily resolved into their x and y components
• Apply the two force equilibrium equations ΣFx = 0 and ΣFy = 0. Solve
for the two unknown member forces and verify their correct sense.
• Using the calculated results to analyze each of the other joints. A
member in compression “pushes” on the joint and a member in tension
“pulls” on the joint.

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Sample Problem 8.1

Determine the force in each member of the truss in
Figure 8–8a and indicate whether the members are in
tension or compression.
SOLUTION
Since we should have not >2 unknown forces at the joint
and at least 1 known force acting, lets begin the analysis
at joint B.
(a)
Joint B. The free-body diagram of the joint at B is shown
in Fig. 6–8b. Applying the equations of equilibrium,
+ ΣFx = 0; 500 N – FBC sin 45° = 0
FBC = 500 N / 0.7071
= 707.1 N (C)
+ ΣFy = 0; FBC cos 45° – FBA = 0
FBA = 707.1 (0.7071) Figure 8-8
FBA = 500 N (T)

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Sample Problem 8.1 (cont…)

Proceed to analyze joint C to determine the force in
member CA and the support reaction at the rocker.
Joint C. The free-body diagram at joint C, (Figure 8–8c).
+ ΣFx = 0; – FCA + 707.1 cos 45° N = 0

FCA = 707.1 (0.7071) N
FCA = 500 N (T)
+ ΣFy = 0; Cy – 707.1 sin 45° N = 0

Cy = 707.1 sin 45° N
Cy = 500 N
Figure 8–8

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Joint A. (Not necessary), We can determine the
support reactions at joint A by using the results of FCA
and FBA. From the free-body diagram (Figure 8–8d).
+ ΣFx = 0; FCA – Ax = 0
Ax = 500 N
+ ΣFy = 0; 500 N – Ay =0
Ay = 500 N
NOTE:
•Figure 6–8e are summary of the structural
analysis using the method of joint.
•The FBD shows the effects of all the connected
members and external forces applied to each
joint.
(e)
•While the FBD of each member shows the
effects only on the joints. Figure 8–8
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Sample Problem 8.2

Determine the forces acting in all the members of the
truss shown in Figure 8–9a.
SOLUTION
• By inspection, there are > 2 unknowns at each joint.
First, the support reactions must be determined.
• The FBD (Figure 8–9b) show the calculated support
reactions at joints A and C.
Joint C. From the free-body diagram, Figure 8–9c;
+ ΣFx = 0; – FCD cos 30° + FCB sin 45° = 0
+ ΣFy = 0; FCD sin 30° – FCB cos 45° = 1.5 kN
• These two equations difficult to solved simultaneously for

each of the two unknowns.
• However, a direct solution for one of the unknown forces can
be obtained by applying a force summation along an axis that
is perpendicular to the direction of the other unknown force.

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Lets summing forces along the y’ axis, which perpendicular
to the direction of FCD, Figure 8–9d, yields a direct solution
for FCB.
+ ΣFy’ = 0; 1.5 cos 30° kN – FCB sin 15° = 0
0.2588 FCB = 1.5 (0.8660) kN
FCB = 5.02 kN (C)
+ ΣFx’ = 0; – FCD + 5.019 cos15° – 1.5 sin 30° = 0

FCD = 4.85 kN – 0.75 kN
= 4.10 kN (T)
Joint D. Proceed to analyze joint D. The FBD is shown
in Figure 8–9e.
+ ΣFx = 0; – FDA cos 30° + FDC cos 30° = 0 (1)

+ ΣFy = 0; FDB – (FDC sin 30°) – FDA sin 30° = 0
FDB – 2(FDC sin 30°) = 0 (2) Figure 8–9
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From Equations (1) and (2)
FDA cos 30° = FDC cos 30°
FDA = FDC
= 4.10 kN (T)
FDB – 2(FDC sin 30°) = 0
FDB = 2 (2.05 kN)
= 4.10 kN (T)
NOTE: The force in the last member, BA, can be obtained

from joint B or joint A.
Figure 8–9
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Sample Problem 8.3

Determine the force in each member of the truss in
Figure 8–10a. Indicate whether the members are in
tension (T) or compression (C).
SOLUTION
Support Reaction Forces.
•No joint can be analyzed until the support reactions are
determined.
•Reasons: Each joint has at least 3 unknown forces acting.
•The FBD of the entire truss as in Figure 8–10b.
•Applying the equations of equilibrium;
+ ΣFx = 0; 600 – CX = 0 CX = 600 N

+ΣMC = 0; – Ay(6m) + 400N(3m) + 600N(4m) = 0
Ay = 3600 Nm / 6 m Ay = 600 N
+ ΣFy = 0; Ay – 400 – Cy = 0
Cy = 200 N
Figure 8.10
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The analysis can now to be proceed at either joint A
or C. Since there are 1 known and 2 unknown
forces acting at each of these joints.
Joint A. The FBD as shown in Figure 6–10c, FAB is

assumed to be compressive and FAD is tensile.
Applying the equations of equilibrium;
+ ΣFy = 0; Ay – 4/5 FAB = 0
FAB = 5/4 (600) N = 750 N (T)
+ ΣFx = 0; FAD – 3/5 (FAB) = 0

FAD = 3/5 (750 N) = 450 N (T)
Joint D. Using the result for FAD and summing forces

in the horizontal direction, (Figure 8–10d).
+ ΣFx = 0; – FDA + 3/5 FDB + 600 = 0 Figure 8.10

FDB = 5/3 (– 600 + 450) = –250 N
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The negative sign indicates that FDB acts in the opposite
sense to that shown in Figure 8–10d.* Hence,
FDB = 250 N (T)
To determine FDC, it can either correct the sense of FDB

on the free-body diagram, then apply ΣFy = 0, or apply
this equation and retain the negative sign for FDB,
+ ΣFy = 0; – FDC – 4/5 FDB = 0

FDC = – 0.8 (– 250 N) = 200 N (C)
Joint C. The FBD as shown in Figure 8–10e)
+ ΣFx = 0; FCB – 600 N = 0

FCB = 600 N (C)
+ ΣFy = 0; 200 N – 200 N = 0 (To check)

Figure 8.10

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The analysis on trusses is summarized in Figure 8-10f, shows the free-body
diagram for each joint and member.
Figure 8.10

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Structure Analysis
Method of Zero-Force Member (ZFM)
• Truss analysis using the method of joints is
simplified if we can identify the members
with support no loading.
• These is called zero-force members used to
increase the stability of the truss during
(a)
construction, and
• To provide added support if the loading is
changed.
• The ZFM can be found by inspection of each
of the joints.
• Figure 8–11a. The FBD of the pin at joint A
is drawn (Figure 8–11b), it is seen that
members AB and AF are zero-force
members.
Figure 8-11
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Structure Analysis
• Similarly, consider the free-body diagram of
joint D, Figure 8–11c. DC and DE are zero-
force members.
• If only two non-collinear members form a (c)

truss joint and no external load or support
ΣFy = 0, FDC sin θ = 0
reaction is applied to the joint, the two FDC = 0 since sin θ ≠ 0
members must be zero-force members. ΣFx = 0, FDE + 0 = 0, FDE = 0
• The load on the truss in Figure 8–11a is

therefore supported by only five members
as shown in Figure 8–11d.
(d)
Figure 8-11
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Structure Analysis
• If 3-members form a truss joint for
which two of the members are
collinear, the third member is a
zero-force member provided no
external force or support reaction is
applied to the joint.
• Consider the truss shown in Figure
8–12a. The free-body diagram of
the pin at joint D is shown in Figure
8–12b.
• By orienting the y axis along
members DC and DE and the x axis
along member DA, it is seen that
DA is a zero-force member.
Figure 8-12
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Structural Analysis
• This is also the case for member

CA, Figure 8–12c.
Figure 8-12
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Sample Problem 8.4

Using the method of joints, determine all the
zero-force members of the Fink roof truss
shown in Figure 8–13a. Assume all joints are (a)
pin connected.
SOLUTION
Inspect for joint geometries that have three
members for which two are collinear. We
have;
Joint G. (Figure 8–13b). (b)
+ ΣFy = 0; FGC = 0
Joint D. (Figure 8–13c).

+ ΣFx = 0; FDF = 0
(c)
Considering joint C, with 5 unknowns. So that
GC is a ZFM means that the 5 kN load at C is
supported by members CB, CH, CF, and CD.
Figure 8-13
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Joint F. (Figure 8-13d)
+ ΣFy = 0; FFC cos θ = 0 Since θ ≠ 90°, FFC = 0 (d)
Joint B. (Figure 8-13e)
+ ΣFx = 0; 2 kN - FBH = 0
FBH = 2 kN (C)
Joint H (Figure 8-13f) (e)

FHC must satisfy ΣFy = 0, and therefore HC
is not a zero-force member.
(f)
Figure 8-13
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Structural Analysis
The Method of Sections
• The method of sections is use when need to find the
force in only a few members of a truss.
• It is based on the principle that if the truss is in
equilibrium then any segment of the truss is also in
equilibrium.
• Consider the two truss members shown on the left in
Figure 8-14.
• If the forces within the members are to be
determined, member is cut into two parts (imaginary
sections) and each member thereby “expose” the
internal force as “external” to the free-body diagrams
(shown on the right).
• Clearly, that equilibrium requires that the member in
tension (T) be subjected to a “pull,” whereas the
member in compression (C) is subjected to a “push.”
Figure 8-14
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Structural Analysis
• Since only 3 equilibrium equations (ΣFx = 0,
ΣFy = 0, ΣMO = 0) can be applied to the FBD of
any segment, then we should select a section
that passes through not more than 3 members
in which the forces are unknown.
(a)
• Consider the truss in Figure 8–15a. If the
forces in members BC, GC, and GF are to be
determined, then select the section a-a.
• The FBD of the two segments are shown in
Figures 8–15 (b) and (c).
• The line of action of each member force is the
force in a member and along its axis.
• The member forces acting on one part of the
truss are equal but opposite to those acting on
the other part.
• Members BC and GC are assumed to be in
tension, whereas GF in compression. Figure 8-15
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Structural Analysis
The Method of Sections
• The 3 unknown member forces FBC, FGC, and FGF
can be obtained by applying the three equilibrium
equations to the FBD in Figure 8–15b.
• However, if the FBD in Figure 8–15c is considered,

the three support reactions Dx, Dy and Ex will
have to be known, because only three equations
of equilibrium are available.
• Using the truss section in Figure 8–15b and
summing moments about C would yield a direct
solution for FGF since FBC and FGC create zero
moment about C.
• Likewise, FBC can be directly obtained by summing
moments about G.
• Finally, FGC can be found directly from a force
summation in the vertical direction since FGF and FBC
have no vertical components.
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Sample Problem 8-5

Determine the force in members GE, GC, and BC of
the truss shown in Figure 8–16a. Indicate whether
the members are in tension or compression.
SOLUTION
• Choose section a-a in Figure 8–16a, since it cuts
through the three members whose forces are to be
determined.
• Using the method of sections, first it is necessary
to determine the external reactions at A or D.
• A FBD of the entire truss is shown in Figure 8-
16b. Applying the equations of equilibrium;
+ ΣFx = 0 ;
400 N - Ax = 0 Ax = 400 N
+ΣMA = 0; Figure 8-16
–1200 N(8 m) – 400 N(3 m) + Dy(12 m) = 0
Dy = 900 N
+ ΣFy = 0; Ay–1200 N + 900 N = 0 Ay = 300 N
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Sample Problem 6-5 (cont…)

Free-Body Diagram
• Use the left portion of the sectioned truss as the
FBD for analysis, since it involves the least
number of forces (Figure 8-16c).
Equations of Equilibrium
• Summing moments about point G eliminates FGE
and FGC and yields a direct solution for FBC.
+ΣMG = 0; Figure 8-16
–300N (4m) – 400N (3m) + FBC (3m) = 0

FBC = 800 N (T)
• Summing moments about point C we obtain a direct
solution for FGE.
+ΣMC = 0;
–300N (8m) + FGE (3m) = 0
FGE = 800 N (C)

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Since FBC and FGE have no vertical components,
summing forces in the y direction directly yields FGC,
+ ΣFy = 0; 300 N – 3/5 FGC = 0
FGC = 500 N (T)
NOTE:
Through inspection, It is possible to define the proper
direction for each unknown member force. For example, Figure 8-16
ΣMC = 0 requires FGE to be compressive because it must
balance the moment of the 300-N force about C.

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Sample Problem 8-6

Determine the force in member EB of the roof
truss shown in Figure 8-17a. Indicate whether the
member is in tension or compression.
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagrams
• Any imaginary section that cuts through EB,
Figure 8-17a, to cut through three other
members for which the forces are unknown.
• Section a-a cuts through ED, EB, FB, and
AB.
• However, FEB cannot be determined from the
remaining two equilibrium equations.
• Then use the result on section b-b, which is
shown in Figure 8-17c. Here the force
system is concurrent and the sectioned FBD is
the same as the FBD for the joint at E. Figure 8-17

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Sample Problem 8-6 (Cont…)

Equations of Equilibrium
In order to determine the moment of FED about
point B, Figure 8–17b, will use the principle of
transmissibility and slide the force to point C
and then resolve it into its rectangular
components as shown (blue arrows).
+ΣMA = 0;
1000 N(4 m) + 3000 N(2 m) – 4000 N(4 m)
+ FED sin 30°(4 m) = 0
FED = 3000 N (C)
+ ΣFx = 0 ;
FEF cos 30° – 3000 cos 30° N = 0
FEF = 3000 N (C)
+ ΣFy = 0;
2(3000 sin 30° N) – 1000 N – FEB = 0
FEB = 2000 N (T) Figure 8-17

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Structural Analysis
Space Trusses
• A space truss consists of members joined at their ends
together to form a stable tetrahedron structure.
• The simplest space truss element is form by connecting
six members together, as shown in Figure 8-18.
• A simple space truss can be built from this basic
tetrahedral element by adding three additional members
and a joint.
• Continuing in this manner to form a system of multi-
connected tetrahedrons.
• In forces analysis - either the method of joints or the
method of sections can be used to determine the forces
developed in the members of a simple space truss.
• If the forces in all members are to be determined,
method of joints is the most suitable for the analysis.
• The 3 equilibrium equations ΣFx = 0, ΣFy = 0, ΣFz = 0
Figure 8-18
must be apply.
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Structural Analysis
• If only a few member forces are to be
determined, the method of sections is more
appropriate.
• When an imaginary section is passed through a
truss and the truss is separated into two parts.
• The force system acting on one of the segments
must satisfy the six equilibrium equations:
ΣFx = 0, ΣFy = 0, ΣFz = 0,
ΣMx = 0, ΣMy = 0, ΣMz = 0
Figure 6-19 shows the space trusses that commonly Figure 6-19
use in the cabling tower for power supply.

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Sample Problem 8-7

Determine the forces acting in the members of the
space truss shown in Figure 8–20a. Indicate whether
the members are in tension or compression.
SOLUTION
Since there are 1 known force and 3 unknown forces
acting at joint A, the force analysis of the truss will
begin at joint A.
Joint A. (Figure 8–20b). Expressing each force acting
on the FBD of joint A as a Cartesian vector, we have;
P = {- 4j} kN, FAB = FABj ; FAC = - FACk

FAE = FAE (rAE/rAE) = FAE (0.577i + 0.577j – 0.577k
For equilibrium,
ΣF = 0; P + FAB + FAC + FAE = 0
-4j + FABj - FACk + 0.577FAEi + 0.577FAEj - 0.577FAEk = 0
Figure 8-20
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ΣFx = 0; 0.577FAE = 0
ΣFy = 0; – 4 + FAB + 0.577FAE = 0
ΣFz = 0; – FAC – 0.577FAE = 0
FAC = FAE = 0
FAB = 4 kN (T)
Joint B. (Figure 8–20c)
ΣFx = 0; – RB cos 45° + 0.707FBE = 0

ΣFy = 0; – 4 + RB sin 45° = 0
ΣFz = 0; 2 + FBD – 0.707FBE = 0
RB = FBE = 5.66 kN (T),

FBD = 2 kN (C)
FDE = FDC = FCE = 0
Figure 8-20
Edition
Ninth
End of Lecture

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Ninth Edition

CHAPTER VECTOR MECHANICS FOR ENGINEERS:

 To learn how to determine the forces in the

 To analyze the forces acting on the members

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 2-2

Simple Trusses Sample Problem 9.7

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 9- 3

• Previously we considered the forces as its own and

- The analyses were performed as resultant,

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 9- 4

• Will now consider the forces that acts on members

• Current chapter will present methods for computing

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 2-5

• A simple truss is a structure

• Each component of the trusses is

• Indeed, trusses lie in a single plane

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

• This simple truss are commonly

• Figure 8–1a is an example of a

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• When bridge or roof trusses extend

• This is to allow freedom for minor

• In design of a truss (both the members and joints), it is necessary to

i. All loads (forces) are applied at the joints.

• In roof trusses and bridge design, weight of the members is neglected

• If the weight is to be included, it is satisfactory to apply as a vertical force,

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• Attaching two more members and

• This procedure can be repeated as many

• Simple truss is the construction by

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

• This method is based on the equilibrium

• If the free-body diagram of each joint is

• Each joint is subjected to a force

• As a result, only ΣFx = 0 and ΣFy = 0

• FBA is “pulling” on the pin, which means that

• FBC is “pushing” on the pin, and consequently

• Applies the Equilibrium equations ΣFx = 0 and ΣFy

• In Figure 8–7b, FBC must push on the pin

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© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 9 - 17

Structural Analysis : The Method of Joints

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Sample Problem 8.1

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Sample Problem 8.1 (cont…)

+ ΣFx = 0; – FCA + 707.1 cos 45° N = 0

+ ΣFy = 0; Cy – 707.1 sin 45° N = 0

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Sample Problem 8.1 (cont…)

Sample Problem 8.2

• These two equations difficult to solved simultaneously for

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Sample Problem 8.2 (cont…)

+ ΣFx’ = 0; – FCD + 5.019 cos15° – 1.5 sin 30° = 0

+ ΣFx = 0; – FDA cos 30° + FDC cos 30° = 0 (1)

Sample Problem 6.2 (cont…)

NOTE: The force in the last member, BA, can be obtained

Sample Problem 8.3

+ ΣFx = 0; 600 – CX = 0 CX = 600 N

Sample Problem 6.3 (cont…)