Tension member

Done by: Ragul ganesh.R

RU SSKY ISLA N D BRID G E , RU SSIA

The Russky Bridge extends across the eastern Bosphorus

Strait from the Vladivostok town of the Russian peninsula
to the Russky Island. The bridge was d evelop e d for the
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Summit held in
Russky Isla nd in 2012 a nd w as o ffic ia lly o p e ne d in July
2012.

The b rid g e ha s 11 sp a ns with a m a in sp a n o f 1,104m

b e tw e e n the 320m -hig h A -sha p e d p ylo ns a nd runs to a
total distance of 3,100m. It employs Freyssinet’s
c o m p a c t stay cable system integrating parallel strand
cables se c ure d b y ste e l a nc ho ra g e b o xe s a t the to p
o f the p ylo ns. The c le a ra nc e he ig ht o f the Russky
b rid g e is 70m a b o v e the se a le v el.
 C A B L E BRIDGE

A cable-stayed bíidge has

one oí moíe toweís, fíom
which cables suppoít the
bíidge deck. A distinctive
featuíe aíe the cables oí
stays, which íun diíectly
fíom the toweí to the deck
STONECUTTERS BRIDGE, HONG KONG

Stonecutters is a 1.6km-long cable-stayed bridge across

the Ra m b le r C ha nne l in Ho ng Ko ng . The b rid g e fo rm s a
p a rt o f Route 8, a n East-West motorway linking the
International Airport a n d the urban region of West
Kowloon peninsula of Hong Kong.

The bridge features a steel main span of 1,018m-long

with two 290m-tall concrete a n d stainless-steel towers.
The bridge d eck is 53m-wide, which is divided into two
boxes a nd jo ine d b y c ro ss g ird e rs.

The Stonecutters bridge has two bridge towers, with o ne on

Tsing Yi Island a n d the other on Stonecutters Island. The
bridge was designed to withstand Hong Kong’s strong
typhoon winds. O p e n e d to traffic in 2009, the bridge
houses thre e la ne s in e a c h d ire c tio n.
S U TO N G YAN G T Z E RIVER BRIDGE, C H I N A

The Sutong Yangtze River Bridge connects the

Suzhou a nd N a nto ng c itie s a c ro ss the Y a ng tze
Riv e r, whic h was previously c on n ec te d only by
ferries, a time- consuming a n d dangerous m o d e of
transport.

The b rid g e re d uc e d the thre e to fo ur-ho ur-lo ng

jo urne y by ferry across the river to five minutes by
road over the b rid g e . With the m a in sp a n o f 1,088m ,
the b rid g e ha s a to ta l le ng th o f 8,206m . The c a b le -
sta ye d b rid g e ha s 306m-high inverted Y-shaped
pylons to hold the central span, allowing the passage
of large container ships.

Built with a n e stim a te d inv estm e nt o f $750m , the

Sutong Yangtze River Bridge was o p e n e d to traffic
T A C O M A NARROWS BRIDGE

The T a c o m a Narrows Bridge is the historical n a m e given

to the twin suspension bridge—originally built in 1940—
that sp a nne d the Ta c o m a N a rro ws stra it.It w as a lso
the third la rg e st susp e nsio n b rid g e o f its tim e , with a
2800-fo o t central span a n d two side spans of 1100 feet
each.

A w est-sid e a p p ro a c h ha d a c o ntinuo us ste e l g ird e r o f

450ft, while the e a st sid e ha d a lo ng re info rc e d
c o nc re te frame of 210ft. It h a d two cable anchorages of
26ft. Along roadways, two 5ft. Sidewalks a n d two 8ft.
D e e p stiffening g ird e rs. A m o ng se v e ra l o the r struc tura l
d e ta ils, the susp e nsio n c a b le a nc ho ra g e s to whic h the
c a b le s w e re c o nne c te d w ere m a d e o f 20,000 c ub ic
ya rd s o f c o nc re te , 6 la kh p o und s o f struc tura l ste e l, a nd
2.7 la kh p o und s o f reinforcing steel. Because of its
G O L D E N G A T E BRIDGE

Golden Gate Bridge, suspension bridge spanning the

Golden Gate in California to link San Francisco with
Marin county to the north. Upon its completion in 1937,
it was the tallest a n d longest suspension bridge in the
world. The Golden Gate Bridge c a m e to b e
recognized a s a sym b o l o f the p o w er a nd p ro g re ss o f
the Unite d Sta te s, a nd it se t a p re c e d e nt fo r
susp e nsion -b rid g e d e sig n a ro und the w orld .

The main span, 1,280 metres (4,200 feet) long, is

suspended from two cables hung from towers 227
metres (746 feet) high; at midpoint the roadway is
81 m e tre s (265 fe e t) a b o v e m e a n hig h w ate r.
 SUSPENSION BRIDGE

A suspension bíidge is a
type of bíidge in which
the deck is hung below
suspension cables on
veítical suspendeís. ľ h e
fiíst modeín examples of
this type of bíidge weíe
built in the eaíly 1800s.
ROOF TRUSS

A truss is a struc ture with

stra ig ht p ie c e s fo rm ing
tria ng le s to sup p o rt a
lo a d . The m e m b e rs o f
the tria ng le s a re p la c e d
und e r te nsio n a nd
c o m p re ssio n but d o not
bend.
N E O BANKSIDE (L O NDO N)

A set luxury penthouse buildings at the heart of London, NEO

Ba nkside is a n inc re d ib ly m o d e rn e xo skeleto n struc ture .
The building is comprised of a concrete frame that serves as
the core with exterior perimeter bracings that provides lateral
stability from wind loading, which reduces the ne ed for sheer
walls. This allows the building to gain more floor spaces a n d
o p e ns up po ssib ilitie s fo r future de v e lo p m e nts. The d ia g o na l
bracings are connected at every third floor by pinned nodes,
which creates a system that transfers lateral loads into the
m a in c o re o f the struc ture .

The total residential provision of the scheme covers 28,600 m²,

with retail units provided at ground level with a total area of
1,044 m² a n d additional storage in the basement.
CINEPOLIS H EADQUARTERS

Cinépolis is the fourth-largest movie

c ha in in the w orld a nd w ante d a
c o m p lex tha t o ffe re d a c re a tiv e ,
fo rw ard thinking a p p ro a c h to the ir
b uilt e nv iro nm e nt. The m a in o ffic e
b uild ing sits four stories high, with the
3rd a n d 4 th floors o ffse t a nd hung o v e r
the la nd , m a king this one of the
largest cantilevered b uild ing sp a ns in
the w orld .

He a d q ua rte r is a 75,000 SF lo w rise

b uild ing a rtic ula te d in a c a m p us-
like se tting a ro und a c e ntra l
to w er.
 B R A C E D FRAME

A b ra c e d fra m e is a
struc tural syste m c o m m only
use d in struc ture s sub je c t
to la te ra l lo a d s suc h a s
wind a nd se ism ic
p re ssure . ... The b e a m s
a nd c o lum ns tha t fo rm the
fra m e c a rry v e rtic a l lo a d s,
a nd the b ra c ing syste m
c a rrie s the la te ra l loads