Prevention and Control

of Diseases and
Disorders
(Noncommunicable and Lifestyle
Diseases)
 As defined by the World
Health Organization (WHO),
noncommunicable diseases
(NCD), are those diseases that
are not passed from one person
What are non to another. These are non-
-communicable infectious diseases that may be
diseases? hereditary or a result of lifestyle
factors and not from pathogens.
 Common examples are heart
disease and cancer acquired
through hereditary factors,
improper diet, and other risk
factors. Some non -
What are non communicable diseases do not
-communicable usually lead to death but may
cause discomfort and cause
diseases? suffering.
 According to the WHO, about 38
million people die each year due to
NCD. Many Filipinos die every day
because of heart disease and cancer.
Diabetes, arthritis and respiratory
disorders are also among the major
What are non health concerns. The effects of these
diseases on one's health are difficult to
-communicable reverse once they are acquired. That is
diseases? why it is important for everyone to
know more information about NCDs
and their prevention.
Non-communicable Diseases
 Allergy
 Asthma
 Cardiovascular Disease
 Cancer
 Diabetes or Diabetes Mellitus
 Arthritis
 Renal Failure

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 Allergy is a condition wherein the immune system
becomes hypersensitive to something in the environment such as
dust, mites, molds, plant's pollen, food, and even to medicines.
These things are called allergens.

Allergies are not contagious

andResponses
can bemaycured.
be triggered through food intake,
vaccines or blood transfusion, insect sting, skin
contact, or through smelling.

Symptoms of allergies include swelling of the mucus

membrane, redness and itching of the eyes, impaired hearing,
rashes, and headaches. In serious cases it may also include
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Asthma is a chronic lung disease in which the
passageways that allow air to enter and leave the lungs are
inflamed and become narrow. This condition can make
breathing difficult. Asthma may not be a serious problem to
some people having this condition, but in some cases, this
can be life-threatening. During asthma attacks, difficulty in
breathing may be worsened by respiratory disease such as
cold or flu.

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A. Common asthma triggers are dust and mold, pollen,
cold air, weather change, sinus infections, stress, and
certain foods.

B. Symptoms of asthma may vary from one person to

another. It may include the following:
* shortness of breath
* coughing and wheezing
* whistling sound when breathing, especially
when exhaling
* chest pain or chest tightness

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 How can we manage asthma?
- Avoid inhaling substances such as paint fumes,
insecticides, and cleaning products
- Avoid products sold in aerosol cans.
- Drink at least 6 to 8 glasses of water a day
- Avoid stressful situations and do not exercise too
hard.
- Do not smoke and avoid secondhand smoke
- Take all prescribed medications with filled stomach
- Do not go outside in extremely cold weather.

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 Cardiovascular Disease - is a disease of the
heart and blood vessels. This may include coronary heart disease,
which occurs when the coronary arteries are narrowed or blocked by
waxy substance referred to as plaque.

Arteriosclerosis is the hardening and thickening

of the artery wall. This may be caused by
atherosclerosis.

The build-up and

Atherosclerosis is the narrowing of the artery deposit of fats and
due to deposit and build up of fats, cholesterol and cholesterol in the artery
other substances on the arterial walls. This deposit may cause it to harden
could harden and create plaque. and become less flexible.
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Coronary heart disease may result to heart attack, angina pectoris, and
stroke.
- Heart attack is the death of the heart muscle due to the lack of blood
flow to the heart
- Angina Pectoris is the chest pain resulting from narrowed coronary
arteries due to inadequacy of oxygen that gets to the heart
- Stroke occurs when blood vessels in the brain burst or blocked.

You have to understand that coronary heart

disease may be avoided or prevented. There are
factors that may increase your risk of having the
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 What are the ways of reducing risk of
cardiovascular disease?
- Maintain a healthy blood cholesterol level and choose a heart-friendly
diet
- Avoid smoking and second hand smoke.
- Maintain a healthy blood pressure.
- Maintain a normal body weight.
- Participate in regular physical activities

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 Cancer is a group of diseases in which cells
divide in an uncontrolled pace Cancer is not
contagious and is not caused by injuries or
accidents.

Did you know that you may also acquire the

disease? Anyone can have cancer. Abnormally dividing
cells can form a tumor, an abnormal growth of
tissue, which can be benign or malignant. A
biopsy or microscopic examination of tissue
is done to determine if a tumor is benign or
malignant.

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 The difference between malignant and benign
tumor
Malignant is cancerous.
Malignant tumors can spread
infection and destruction of nearby
tissues and other body parts. The Benign is not cancerous. Benign
process is called metastasis. tumors may increase in size but do not
infect other body parts. They are typically
harmless unless they are in a position
where they block normal tissues or organs.

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 What are the major categories of cancer?
There are four major categories of cancer:

A. Carcinoma is the most common form of cancer. It is a malignant tumor that develops from epithelial
tissue and tends to spread to other areas of the body. Cancers of the skin, breast, uterus, prostate, lung,
stomach colon, and rectum are examples of carcinoma.

B. Sarcomas are cancers that begin in the connective or supportive tissues, which develop in the muscle,
bone, fat, blood vessels, and cartilage.

C. Lymphomas are cancers arising in cells of the lymphatic tissues or the immune system tissues. They
are characterized by abnormal production of white cells and decrease in resistance.

D. Leukemia is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow. It is characterized by an

abnormal production of blood cells, usually leukocytes or white blood cells.

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 What are some ways to treat cancer?
Nowadays, with modern technology, many cancers are curable,
especially if detected at an early stage.

A. Radiation Therapy - uses high-energy radiation to kill or

damage cancer cells. This treatment is usually performed
using radiation-generating machines.

B. Chemotherapy - uses anti-cancer drugs that kill cancer

inside the body. Anti-cancer drugs target mainly cancer cells
although they may harm healthy cells as well.

C. Immunotherapy - is the treatment where the

immune system is stimulated to fight cancer
cells.
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 Diabetes or Diabetes Mellitus - is a
disease in which the body produces little or no insulin or cannot
properly use the insulin it produces

If you have healthy body and the blood sugar level gets too high
beta cells in the pancreas releases insulin. This will cause the
cells to take in sugar to use as energy or store as fat. When
this happens, the blood sugar level goes back to normal.

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 What are the different types of diabetes?
A. Type I diabetes occurs when the body does not produce or make
insulin. This is because the immune system attacks and destroys the
cells that produce insulin. Did you know that Type I diabetes usually
develops during childhood and adolescence? But it can also develop
during adulthood.

B. Type Il diabetes occurs when the body cannot properly use the
insulin it produced. This type of diabetes is usually develops in
adults.
 
C. Gestational diabetes occurs temporarily during pregnancy.

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 How can we reduce the risk of diabetes?
Diabetes prevention is important
especially if you are at an The following tips can help in
increased risk for the disease. If preventing diabetes:
not prevented, other complication
may develop such as kidney problem, 1. Get more physical
blindness, heart attack, nerve
activities,
damage, and even erectile
2. Include fiber and whole
dysfunction to men. Certain factors
grains in your diet,
that increase the risks for diabetes
3. Lose the extra weight and
include the Four Fs: Fat or
overweight, Female, Family history,
4. Make healthier food
and Forty years of age or older. choices.

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Arthritis is a painful inflammation of joints that affects
the muscles, tendons, and ligaments surrounding the joints.

People can also develop

arthritis, whether children or
adult, due to genetic factors
and also through lifestyle
like work and diet. Some foods
appear to make arthritis
worse.

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 What are the two types of arthritis?

• Osteoarthritis normally affects the hips, knees, and

hands with pain, stiffness, or inflammation. It is
caused by normal wear and tear as we age and may
be worsened by infection or injury to the joints.

• Rheumatoid arthritis frequently appears on hands,

wrists and feet, and can also affect other body parts
other than the joints. It is caused by the body's
immune system attacking the tissues of the body that
leads to destruction of both bone and cartilage inside
the joints.

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 How can we manage and treat arthritis?

- Perform physical exercises that help

strengthen the muscles around the joint
- Keep a healthy weight
- Take medicines, like aspirin and some
prescription medicines that will help
alleviate the pain and other symptoms.
- Take hot baths that can help reduce
swelling and pain

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Renal Failure also known as kidney
failure, is a condition where the kidney stops to
function properly causing renal insufficiency. The
kidneys remove the waste products from blood
and help regulate blood pressure, balance
electrolytes, and red blood cell production of the
body.

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 What are some symptoms of kidney failure?
Some of the symptoms of kidney failure are:
- Changes in urination - foamy or bubbly urine; urinating more
often in greater amount with pale urine: urinating less often in
smaller amounts with dark-colored urine: urine with blood; and,
difficulty in urinating
- Swelling in the legs, ankles, feet, face, or hands.
- Extreme skin rashes and itching
- Nausea and vomiting
- Shortness of breath, feeling cold, dizziness, and concentration
problems brought about by anemia related to kidney failure.

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What are the ways to diagnose
kidney failure?

Kidney failure can be diagnosed

through urinalysis, urine measurements,
blood samples, imaging and kidney tissue
samples

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How to prevent and manage kidney failure?
- Avoiding or limiting intake of toxic
substances will help prevent kidney failure.
A key to prevent severe kidney disease is
early detection and aggressive intervention
 
- Diabetes and high blood pressure are commonly
associated with chronic kidney diseases.
Managing them with proper diet, exercise, and
medications may help prevent kidney failure.
 
- Severe kidney failures are treated through
dialysis and kidney transplant. These are
usually on the late stages and can be lethal.
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 For Your Information
According to the World Health Organization
(WHO), non - communicable diseases or
NCDs, are by far the leading causes of death in
the world, representing 63% of all annual
deaths. Non - communicable diseases (NCDs)
kill more than 36 million people each year.
Some 80% of all NCD deaths occur in low- and
middle-income countries.
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 Do you believe that you are not
supposed to worry about heart disease yet
because you are still too young to have the

Myths disease? Or that breast cancer is a disease

that affects women only? There are some
& myths and fallacies about NCDS that we
sometimes accept and believe as true. You

Fallacies need to be aware of these myths because

they may lead to a more serious health
problems.

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The list below shows some myths and fallacies about NCDS.
Myths and Fallacies Fact
Lifestyle during childhood and adolescence affects the risk of
having cardiovascular diseases later. Plaque may start
I'm too young to worry about heart
accumulating during early stages of life and may lead to clogged
disease.
arteries eventually.

Some cases of diabetes need proper diet, exercise, and oral

A diabetes diagnosis means you
medications in order to keep it under control until insulin
automatically need insulin.
becomes a necessity
 
 
In Type 2 diabetes, the body doesn't respond normally to insulin
Eating too much sugar causes and is caused by genetic and lifestyle factors. Although,
diabetes excessive sugar intake can lead to weight gain and increased
  chances of developing the disease
 
The list below shows some myths and fallacies about NCDS.
Myths and Fallacies Fact
Only women get breast cancer Men having breast tissue can also develop breast cancer
   
If breast cancer does not run in your 70-80% of women who get breast cancer have no family history of the
family, you will not get it. disease.
   
Arthritis is common with ageing but may develop at any age, young or
Arthritis is just aches and pains.
old. On the contrary, some elderly people never develop arthritis.
 
 
Pain felt from arthritis is caused by the rubbing of the bones and has
Living in a cold climate causes arthritis
nothing to do with the climate
 
 
Asthma is a psychological condition Asthma is caused by respiratory problems and triggered by allergens.
   
 Many of the non - communicable
diseases discussed are also called lifestyle
diseases. This means that you will acquire
them if you have unhealthy lifestyle but can
be avoided or prevented if you observe a
healthy lifestyle.
TION AND CONTROL OF NON COMMUNICABLE D

Changing and adapting a healthy lifestyle

considerably enhances people's health. Aside
from avoiding bad vices, you should adopt and
practice the following self-monitoring skills
that will help prevent and control non -
communicable diseases.

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TION AND CONTROL OF NON COMMUNICABLE D

1. Engage regularly in physical activities or exercise. This will help a person

attain an overall good health condition.

2. Practice healthy eating. Choose healthy food options. Avoid foods that
may increase risks of developing a disease.

3. Avoid smoking and secondhand smoke Cigarettes contain toxic substances

that damage cells in the body and cause different kinds of diseases.

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TION AND CONTROL OF NON COMMUNICABLE D
1. Manage and maintain a normal weight. Obesity is one of the factors that
increase the risks of developing lifestyle diseases. Do regular exercises
and follow a healthy diet.

2. Have a routine medical checkup. This will detect diseases during the early
stages. Early detection will help control and treat the disease.

3. Learn to manage stress. Stress weakens the immune system making the
body prone to diseases. Take some breaks and engage in activities that
will help lessen stress.

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 As they say, "Health is
wealth.” Healthy lifestyle is
all about making one's health
What is a and well-being a priority. It
is a choice made by an

healthy lifestyle? individual, a commitment made

for his own good and that of
his loved ones (Pilipinas
Go4Health 2013).

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 The National Nutrition Council (NNC) recommends everyone to follow
the Nutritional Guidelines for Filipinos for good health and proper nutrition.

1. Eat a variety of foods every day.

2. Maintain children's normal growth through proper diet and monitor their growth
regularly.
3. Consume fish, lean meat, poultry, or dried beans.
4. Eat more vegetables, fruits, and root crops.
5. Consume milk, milk products or other calcium-rich foods such as small fish and
dark green leafy vegetables daily.
6. Use iodized salt, but avoid excessive intake of salty foods.
7. Eat clean and safe foods.
8. For a healthy lifestyle and good nutrition, exercise regularly, do not smoke and
avoid drinking alcoholic beverages.
9. Breastfeed infants exclusively from birth to six months and then, give
appropriate foods while continuing breastfeeding.
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Programs and Policies to Prevent
and Control Non - communicable
Diseases
Pilipinas Go4Health is a nationwide healthy
lifestyle movement spearheaded by the Department
of Health (DOH) and its partners. It aims to inform
and encourage Filipinos from all walks of life to
practice a healthy lifestyle by making a personal
commitment to physical activity, proper nutrition, and
the prevention or cessation of smoking and alcohol
consumption. Through the movement, DOH and its
partners work together to promote and establish a
sustainable environment for healthy living
(Department of Health 2013).

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Performance Task 1 : what’s in the News
Look for a newspaper/magazine article about
noncommunicable diseases. Cut and paste on a piece of
paper and answer the following questions.
1. What is the article all about?
2. What disease is presented in the article?
3. What are the causes and risk factors mentioned?
4. Are there any preventive measures in the article?
5. What did you feel after reading the article?
6. What will you do to prevent yourself from getting
a noncommunicable disease?
Performance Task 2 : Differentiated Activities
Choose a role and to the indicate task.
1. Be an artist. Make a poster about reducing
the risk of the noncommunicable diseases.
2. Be an advertisement creator. Create an
infomercial about reducing the risk of the
noncommunicable diseases.
3. Be a writer. Write a newspaper
article/magazine about reducing the risk of
the noncommunicable diseases.
For online submission of requirements, use the following platforms.
Messenger – Aprille Maye C. Cayog
Gmail – mapeh.peh.subject@gmail.com
FB Group – MAPEH 7
 HAPPY
Rawr!
LEARNING!
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