INJURY

PREVENTION,
SAFETY, AND
FIRST AID
(Unintentional)
UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES
Unintentional injuries are sometimes called accidental injuries.
An accident is a sequence of unexpected events that could result to
injury, property damage, and even death. Examples of these
accidents are vehicular accidents, poisoning, drowning, and
household fires.
 Safety Education

Safety education includes knowledge,

skills, and attitudes that could help
minimize or avoid risks or dangers at
home, school, community, and in any
situations. When one is equipped with
safety education knowledge, skills, and
attitude, one is in a better position to
avoid danger and thus, maximize the
quality of his or her daily activities.
 First Aid Basics
First aid is an immediate care given to a person who has been injured or
suddenly taken ill. It includes self-help and home care if medical assistance is
not available or delayed.

Objectives of First Aid

 To lessen the pain
 To prevent further injury or danger
 To preserve life
 To hasten recovery 
Who is a first-aider?

A first-aider is a trained personnel

who provides first aid. Since accidents of
unintentional injury may happen
anytime, you must learn the basics of
first aid.
What are the characteristics of a good first
A good first-aider is.... aider?
...gentle. One who does not cause more pain.
..resourceful. One who makes use of things at hand with best
capability.
..observant. One who notices all signs.
..tactful. One who does not make the victim worry.
...sympathetic. One who comforts the victim.
... respectable. One who has a professional and caring attitude.
....calm and confident. One who does not easily panic and
knows what he or she is doing.
 Roles And Responsibilities
Of A First-aider

The following are the roles and responsibilities of a first-aider.

 Bridges the gap between the victim and the physician. He or she does not take
the place of the services of the physician. His or her role ends when the
physician begins.
 Ensures safety of himself or herself and that of bystanders
 Gains access to the victim
 Determines any threats to patient's life
 Summons advanced medical care as needed
 Provides needed care for the patient
 Records all findings and care given to the patient
 FOR YOUR
INFORMATION
According to the World Health
Organization every day, more than
2000 children and teenagers die
from an injury which could have
been prevented if first aid
treatment was rendered, and that
the five leading causes of
unintentional injury are road
accidents drowning, burns, falls,
and poisoning.
 guidelines and procedures that a first aider
must follow when providing first aid treatment
It is important that a first-aider must follow the procedures when providing treatment.
This is to avoid further injury or problems arising from the first aid treatment done.
 Obtain consent of the victim if possible
 Gain the confidence of the victim
 Assess the victim's injury or sudden illness
 Identify the victim's problems and which of them
requires immediate first aid
 Seek medical care if necessary
 Provide the appropriate first aid treatment
 Get useful information about the victim for the use
of attending medical personnel
 things that the first-aider must take into consideration
when assessing the injury of the victim
Primary Survey This is a quick and systematic survey of the person to find out if there
are conditions or injuries sustained as life threatening.
Vital Signs
Body temperature
Pulse rate Secondary Survey
Respiration rate
Check other injuries or illnesses by performing
Blood pressure
a head to toe examination. Check the head and
face, neck, abdomen, limbs, and back. Also, check
Compression-Airway-Breathing for history of casualty like allergies, last meal past
Compression and present medical history, medications, and
Airway events leading to the incident.
Breathing
techniques in bandaging and dressing
of wounds
Wounds should be dressed and
bandaged after bleeding is controlled.
Covering wounds prevents infection
and controls bleeding. Proper wound
care enhances healing, comforts the
victim, and helps in fast recovery.
Improper wound care can cause
infection and may even result in loss
of body parts.
 Different types of dressing and bandages

Triangular Bandage - commonly used

to support fractures and dislocations,
This can be used to form slings and
cravats.
Cravat Bandage - is a folded triangular bandage
Transporting the Victim

When providing first aid, there

are times that you need to transport
the victim from one place to
another. Transporting a victim or
an injured person must be done
with extra care. This depends on
the situation and the injury
sustained by the victim.
 different ways of transporting a victim
One-Man Carry

ANKLE PULL SHOULDER PULL

ONE-
PERSON
LIFT

BLANKET PULL

PACK-STRAP CARRY
FIREFIGHTER CARRY
 different ways of transporting a victim
Two - Person Carry

HUMAN CRUTCH /
TWO-PERSON DRAG FOUR HANDED SEAT

CHAIR CARRY
TWO-HANDED SEAT
 different ways of transporting a victim
Three - Man Carry

HAMMOCK CARRY THREE-PERSON CARRY OR STRETCHER LIF

First Aid for Common
Unintentional Injuries
Musculoskeletal Injury – this
refers to any damage of the
muscular or skeletal system
usually due to strenuous
activities. It can be sprain,
fracture, strain, or dislocation.
Heat – related injuries or
hyperthermia – caused by
high temperature and humidity
from exposure to hot weather
and sun. there are three forms
of hyperthermia: heat cramps,
heat exhaustion, and
heatstroke.
Bleeding or hemorrhage –
occurs when a blood vessel is
damaged and constricted.
Poisoning – occurs when a poison or a toxic
substance is taken into or absorbed by the body,
sufficient enough to cause temporary or
permanent damage.
Choking – occurs when airway is blocked causing
breathing to be difficult.
Drowning – occurs when your nose and mouth
are submerged in water or other liquids can’t
enter the lungs, resulting to suffocation.
Hearth attack – occurs when a part of the heart
muscle doesn’t receive enough oxygen.
Burn – happens when the skin or other tissues
are damaged. This may caused by heat.