READING AND WRITING

Claims and Counter Claims

Determining Textual Evidences

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL– Daang Amaya II Tanza, Cavite
TANZA NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL– Daang Amaya II Tanza, Cavite
TANZA NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL– Daang Amaya II Tanza, Cavite
TANZA NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL– Daang Amaya II Tanza, Cavite
 1. What is the conversation
about?
2. Do the characters agree or
disagree with one another?
Prove your answer.

3. What particular lines from

the comics show opposing
stand?

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Look at the pictures? What do the pictures try to say? Do you see connection with pictures in
Set A and Set B? If yes, what is it?

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 What is a Counterclaim?

Counterclaims are claims made to rebut a previous

claim. To rebut means to contradict someone’s
statement through a formal argument. They provide
a contrasting perspective to the main argument.

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 Ways on Locating Counterclaims
to an Argument
1. Show competence and familiarity with the writer’s
topic.
2. Examine different perspectives and not just passively
accepting the writer’s claims.
3. Consider the topic and make sure you are willing to
engage different viewpoints from your own.
4. Clarify your personal position on the topic.

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL– Daang Amaya II Tanza, Cavite
Read the following:

Martha is an incoming Grade 11 student. She has been using a basic cellphone ever
since she was in junior high school. She is very eager to go back to school and be
productive, but when she learned about the integration with technology and digital
tools to extend in the classrooms beyond the constraints of traditional walls
particularly in the public school due to the global pandemic, her excitement turned
into frustration. Martha desperately wants to have a smartphone, so she can have
access to online learning. Having this in mind, she tells her father, Mang Tonyo, that
she needs a smartphone. Mang Tonyo, thinking only of the additional expense, simply
says, “No.”

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Example:

Martha is an incoming Grade 11 student. She has been using a basic cellphone ever
since she was in junior high school. She is very eager to go back to school and be
productive, but when she learned about the integration with technology and digital
tools to extend in the classrooms beyond the constraints of traditional walls
particularly in the public school due to the global pandemic, her excitement turned
into frustration. Martha desperately wants to have a smartphone, so she can have
access to online learning. Having this in mind, she tells her father, Mang Tonyo, that
she needs a smartphone. Mang Tonyo, thinking only of the additional expense, simply
says, “No.”

Martha has made her claim – asking for a smartphone.

Mang Tonyo has made his counterclaim – opposing Martha’s claim

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Example:

Martha must offer valid reasons to convince Mang Tonyo that she needs the
smartphone because it has access to internet and so he needs to provide her with one.
Martha might provide evidence of the necessity of using smart phone nowadays as
part of the new normal life in the time of coronavirus. Martha’s reasoning may
include a description of how important a smartphone is as far as convenience and
flexibility in online distance learning are concerned.

In this example of counterclaim, Mang Tonyo now needs to support his refusal to provide Mildred with a
smartphone. He should be ready to give solid, substantiated reasons for his refusal to provide something
that the family has been spending for all those years. This may include evidence of the family’s inability
to send her and her siblings to a private school, and that his budget is not sufficient enough to afford a
brand new smartphone since the family income has suffered due to COVID-19.

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Parts of an Argument

A statement that asserts facts based on one’s understanding about a particular topic.
Martha asked her father to buy her a smart phone.

 
A statement that contradicts one’s claim and is usually proven and supported by both
reasons  and pieces of evidence.
Mang Tonyo’s negative response to Martha’s claim.

Part of an argument where a statement offers an explanation behind a party’s claim.

Martha’s offering of valid reasons to convince Mang Tonyo that she needs the smart phone.

 
The statement that proves the truth of a claim and generally leads to the conclusion of an argument.
Martha provides evidence of the necessity of using smartphone as part of the new normal life.

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Determining Textual Evidence
Reading texts should be examined carefully by identifying pieces of evidence that
support the author’s claim, finding evidence that support the claim and evaluate if it is
worthy of sharing.

Textual Evidence – finding support or “the proof” from the author or writer of a text to
support or back up our facts and opinions

If you are going to make a judgment (creating an opinion), state a fact, or make an
inference, you need to state WHY you feel or believe what you are saying.

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Ways of Presenting Textual Evidence

1.Paraphrasing – Expresses what somebody has said or written using different words,
especially in order to make it easier to understand.
Example:

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Ways of Presenting Textual Evidence

2.Summarizing – Gives a brief statement of the main points of (something).

Example:
The movie Seven Sundays (2017) is a heartwarming story and shows the importance of
family in our lives. The movie tells about the Bonifacio sibling who were united
because of their father who was mistakenly diagnosed with cancer. It presented the
different struggles of their lives and how they were able to overcome them.

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Ways of Presenting Textual Evidence

3.Referencing – Provides (a book or article) with citations of sources of information.

Example:
The Department of Education ensures the delivery of quality education and safety of
the learners in the opening of classes for this school year amidst Covid-19 as stated in
the Deped Order no. 7 s. 2020 on DepEd School Calendar and Activities for S.Y. 2020-
2021 paragraph 2 and 3.

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Ways of Presenting Textual Evidence

3.Quoting – Repeats or copy out (a group of words from a text or speech), typically
with an indication that one is not the original author or speaker.
Example:
Langston Hughes described deferred dreams as if they “stink like rotten meat” in his
poem which suggest an unpleasant image, giving me the feeling of resentment. He also
ends the poem with the line “Or does it explode?” that made me think of a person who
boils over in anger.

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Engagement
A. Identify whether the following statements are a claim, counterclaim,
reason or evidence.

1. If you want to keep people around you, continue to open the door of
friendship and always accentuate the positive.
2. I am a child of a loving God who created me after His own image. I am
happy for what I am and I don’t have to be someone else I am not.
3. I don’t think so. Charles Darwin Theory of Evolution explains that
humans evolved from the monkeys.

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Engagement
Identify whether the following statements are a claim, counterclaim,
reason or evidence.

4. I did not come from the apes because I don’t look like one of them!
5. Also, Genesis 1:26 explicitly rendered that aside from creating man after
His image, God also gave him dominion over all His creations. Well, it
does not matter whether I look like a chimpanzee or not as long as I know I
am me.

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Engagement
B. Express your claim or counterclaim on the following topics.

1. Black Lives Matter

Claim/Counterclaim:__________________________________
Reasons behind your opinion: ___________________________

2. Anti-Terrorism Bill
Claim/Counterclaim:__________________________________
Reasons behind your opinion: ___________________________

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Engagement
B. Express your claim or counterclaim on the following topics.

3. Distribution of cash aid under the Social Amelioration Program in the

Philippines
Claim/Counterclaim:__________________________________
Reasons behind your opinion: ___________________________3.

4. Covid-19 Vaccines
Claim/Counterclaim:__________________________________
Reasons behind your opinion: ___________________________
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Engagement
B. Express your claim or counterclaim on the following topics.

5. Human rights under President Duterte administration

Claim/Counterclaim:____________________________________
Reasons behind your opinion: ___________________________

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ASSESSMENT

Answer the 15-item quiz via Google Forms posted in

your Google Classroom. Read the directions well.

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ASSIMILATION
A. Below is a statement about what leadership is. Read it closely then
analyze it by using the four elements of an argument.
Leadership starts first with knowing who we really are and discovering our potential
and capacity to reach out to others, before knowing about those people that we lead
and serve. – Michelle B. Banca
Claim: _________________________________________
Counterclaim: __________________________________
Reason: ________________________________________
Evidence: ______________________________________

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ASSIMILATION
B. Read the article pp. 15-17 and do the following:
1. Think about your own opinion on this prompt: President Duterte wanted a
vaccine first for coronavirus disease 2019 before classes resume in the Philippines.
Should we postpone classes in the time of Covid-19?
2. Find the best textual evidence from the article to prove your assertion
or counterclaim.
3. Write an opinion paragraph on the issue by stating your
assertion/counterclaim, citing the textual evidences to prove your claim
and explaining how these pieces of evidence support your opinion.

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ASSIMILATION
RUBRIC FOR OPINION PARAGRAPH
Highest Possible
CRITERIA Description
Score

Provides the strongest textual evidence from the

Textual Evidence text read to support opinion
5

Clearly stated the claim r argument, adds textual

evidences as support and explains the reason
Opinion Paragraph Content and Structure behind the use if such evidences in a paragraph of
7
opinion

Grammar and Punctuation Has no spelling, punctuation and grammatical erros 3

TOTAL 12 12

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