ARA

CLASS-4
 ROOT WORDS-1

1.Algicide A. The destruction of life

2. Biocide B. A substance for killing algae
3. Deicide C. Killing of one's child
4. Feticide D. Killing of a god
5. Filicide E. Destruction of a foetus
6. Fratricide F. A substance for destroying fungus
7. Fungicide G. Killing of one's brother
 ROOT
WORD-1
8. Homicide A. Killing of one’s wife
9. Uxoricide B. Killing of a human
10. Matricide C. Killing of one’s sister
11. Patricide D. Killing of a tyrant
E. Killing of one’s mother
12. Regicide
F. Killing of a monarch
13. Sororicide G. Killing of one’s father
14. Tyrannicide
 ROOT
WORD-2
1. Corpus A. dead body
2. Corps B. a collection of writings
3. Corpse C. a body of people associated together
4. Corporal D. excessively fat
5. Corporeal E. characteristic of the body as opposed to the mind or spirit
6. Corpulent F physical, bodily
 ROOT
WORD-3

1. corporation A. a business firm recognized by law as a single body

2. corporate B. a writ requiring a person to be present in the court
3. incorporate C. a woman's close-fitting foundation garment
4. habeas corpus D. characteristic of individuals acting together
5. corset E. make into a whole or make part of a whole
 ROOT
WORD-4
1. Circumlocution A. A roundabout; indirect way of speaking
2. Circumnavigate B. A fact that influences on an event or action
3. Circumplanetary C. Cautious about everything
4. Circumspect D. To find a way around, avoid obeying the law
5. Circumstance E. Around a planet
6. Circumterrestrial F. To go around
7. Circumvent G. Moving around the Earth
 ROOT WORDS-5

1. prejudice A. perceiving the significance of events before they occur

2. premonition B. something that is needed or obligatory in advance
3. prerequisite C. an early warning about a future event
4. prescient D. a partiality preventing objective consideration of an issue
 ROOT WORDS-5

5. precaution A. an affix that is added in front of the word

6. precedent B. a measure taken in advance to ward off impending
danger
7. preclude
C. make impossible, especially beforehand
8. predecessor
D. an example that is used to justify similar
9. prefix occurrences
E. one who goes before you in time
 ROOT WORDS-6

1. atom A. surgical removal of the appendix

2. anatomy B. brain surgery
3. appendectomy C. smallest particle of an element
4. lobotomy D. dissection of plants or animals for the purpose of
studying their structure
5. dichotomy
E. cutting or division into two; division
6. phlebotomy
F. surgical removal of the tonsils
7. tonsillectomy
G. opening of a vein to diminish the blood supply
 ROOT WORDS-7
1. rogue A. presumptuous or pretentious
2. Interrogation B. disputative or disrespectful
3. Arrogant C. scoundrel who demands money unrightfully
4. Derogatory D. making an enquiry
5. Prerogative E. abolish, repeal
6. Surrogate F. a substitute
7. Abrogate G. having special right
8. supererogatory H. defer; postpone
9. prorogue I. superfluous; greater than that required
 ROOT WORDS-8

1. acronym A. a word formed from the initial letters of several words

2. anonymous B. having no known name or identity or known source
3. antonym C. a word that expresses an opposite meaning
4. homonym D. a word pronounced or spelled the same with another meaning
5. homophone E. a word pronounced the same with another meaning or spelling
 ROOT WORDS-9

1. pug A. having a quarrelsome or aggressive nature

2. pugnacious B. a person who fights/a boxer
3. repugnant C. fight
4. pugilist D. distasteful; offensive or revolting
5. pugilism E. to challenge or indulge in fight
6. impugn F. state or belief of fighting
In this video we are going to learn
• Root method of learning words

• Guessing meaning of a word in a context

• Synonyms of the learnt words

• Overall 100 words to be learnt

• Synonym and Text Completion Questions

1. 
In her laudatory _________, the food columnist captured the
spirit of the hotel dining room.
A. homage
B. paean
C. banter
D. denunciation
E. rebuff
F. examination
2. The residents, who for many years relished the safe, idyllic
surroundings of their suburban neighbourhood, have in recent months
faced ____________ of vandalism.
A. a deficiency
B. an epidemic
C. a backlash
D. a scourge
E. an abatement
F. a revelry
3. Although the suburban townhouse seemed like a good value, the
buyer _____ when the real estate agent asked for a commitment.
A. elaborated
B. ambled
C. vacillated
D. grovelled
E. lamented
F. dawdled
4. In contradiction to the _____ cat, the dog is the quintessential pack
animal.
A. transparent
B. supercilious
C. solitary
D. forthright
E. maladroit
F. aloof
5. Reginald's ______ aunt was spry for her age but, nonetheless,
required help in ascending the staircase.
A. acrobatic
B. dexterous
C. caustic
D. genial
E. septuagenarian
F. hoary
6. A field trip was arranged so that this troupe of ______ dancers could
observe the real masters of their art.
(A) seasoned
(B) fledgling
(C) expert
(D) torpid
(E) novice
(F) lithe
7. Many people erroneously believe that humans are naturally ______ to
distrust or even fear those outside of their social or cultural group;
anthropologists and social scientists, however, have consistently shown that
xenophobia is a learned behaviour.
(A) indoctrinated
(B) proven
(C) prone
(D) disposed
(E) taught
(F) compelled
8. By framing the new law as a question of urgent safety rather than of privacy,
the government obviated the need to pass through the standard channels of
legislation, effectively ______ all formal dissent and relegating any would-be
naysayer from a position of engaged activist to that of powerless bystander.
(A) curtailing
(B) undermining
(C) targeting
(D) lobbying
(E) instigating
(F) facilitating
9. Isherwood’s sympathy for communism during the interwar period was not
only a reaction against fascism, but also a mark of his fellow feeling for the
laboring classes and his ______ to engage as an equal with working people.
(A) disinclination
(B) hankering
(C) proclivity
(D) implacability
(E) unwillingness
(F) joviality
10. Only by overlooking the grievances frequently expressed by her
constituency could the incumbent think that the pandering
advertisements would do anything but ______ her campaign.
(A) bolster
(B) aggrieve
(C) encourage
(D) hobble
(E) hamstring
(F) restore
11. Owing to her innate _________ and infectious optimism, Cassie
succeeded not just in transcending her own physical disability but
also in helping many others to overcome similar life challenges.
A. buoyancy
B. altruism
C. empathy
D. resiliency
E. stubbornness
F. adaptability
12. Since the mayor previously had expressed few qualms about
the proposed zoning ordinance, the other city-council members
were understandably taken aback by her sudden, _________
objections.
A. insistent
B. vehement
C. strenuous
D. unexpected
E. dubious
F. unwarranted
13. Through aggressive online advertising a nearby franchise
store has been drawing customers away from the local diner,
whose proprietor has done virtually nothing to _________ his
increasingly dire situation.
A. mitigate
B. counteract
C. ameliorate
D. alleviate
E. rectify
F. reconcile
14. Having designed the museum to suit his own quirky aesthetic,
the building's architect thought it _________ that the local Indian
community understood the building's architectural style to be
Moroccan while most local Moroccans referred to it as Indian.
A. immaterial
B. unsurprising
C. inexplicable
D. curious
E. paradoxical
F. inconsequential
15. Although the Industrial revolution brought about a raft of new techniques
in the area of machine design, the methods used for the printing and binding
of books continued ___________ till the early years of the 20th century.
A. intermittently
B. improving
C. transforming
D. unchanged
E. advancing
F. unmodified
16. The ___________ tone and appealing image of American Rock and
Roll and blues musicians became popular with British youth in the late
1950s.
A. dulcet
B. cacophony
C. dissonant
D. bohemian
E. hoarse
F. glamorous
17. Fellow journalists Eric Sevareid, Ed Bliss and Alexander Kendrick
considered Murrow one of journalism's greatest figures, noting his
honesty and ___________ in delivering the news.
A. integrity
B. deceit
C. credibility
D. duplicity
E. complacency
F. disloyalty
18. His writing of "Common Sense" was so influential in ___________ the
Revolutionary War that John Adams reportedly said, "Without the pen of the
author of 'Common Sense', the sword of Washington would have been raised
in vain.”
A. spurring on
B. stopping
C. ending
D. stimulating
E. obstructing
F. impeding
19. Coetzee is known to be reclusive, and he __________ publicity to
such an extent that he did not collect either of his two Booker Prizes in
person.
A. welcomes
B. avoids
C. courts
D. shuns
E. gathers
F. tries
20. Even though Magellan would eventually die on his ambitious cruise
around the world, nothing was ______ on the morning of his departure
from his home port.
A. innocuous
B. portentous
C. propitious
D. amiss
E. auspicious
F. ingenuous
21. Since the invention of computers, chips and processors have
become smaller and simpler, but computer programs have become
increasingly _________.
A. anomalous
B. efficient
C. byzantine
D. treacherous
E. labyrinthine
F. intransigent
22. The increasing ease with which photos can be shot, edited and shared
means that our archaic idea of the “struggling art photographer” now has to
be ______ to include an audience which, in an earlier era, might have been
consumers of art photography.
A. morphed
B. developed
C. expanded
D. modified
E. augmented
F. extended
23. When Jeff fell prey to an on-line credit card scam, the sting of
________ hurt him more than the loss of money.
A. suffering
B. duplicity
C. faithlessness
D. falsehood
E. deception
F. indigence
24. In order to stop the uproar on social media that was ______ by the
politician's unpopular comment, his press agent had to issue a public
apology.
A. exacerbated
B. precipitated
C. precluded
D. triggered
E. prevaricated
F. goaded
25. When the policeman ordered the suspects to line up, his ________
tone and manner suggested that he was totally in charge of the
situation.
A. taciturn
B. imperious
C. temperamental
D. laconic
E. mercurial
F. peremptory
 • pedarchy
PED = CHILD ; • pedocracy
LEG • pedeia
• Pedantic
• Pedagogy
• pediatric, paediatric
• pediatrician
• pedodontics
• pedologia
• pedophobia, pedophobic
 • pedal
PED = • pedestrian

FOOT • biped
• quadruped
• centipede
• millipede
• tripod
• podium
• podiatrist
• sauropod
• expedition
What’s the difference?

EXPEDITE
and
EXPEDIENT
TRACT = TO
PULL
• detract
• subtract
• distract
• extract
• tractable
• intractable
• contract
• retract
• protracted
 A. stubborn; unmanageable
A. Pedantic
B. Mundane   B. scholarly; knowledgeable  
C. Bona fide  C. quotidian
D. Intractable D. authentic; authoritative
The British tend to use “paed-” while those in the United States
tend to use “ped-”.

the Greek ped means “child”

the Latin ped means “foot”.

Greek pedo means “ground, soil, earth” such as in Pedodiversity,

Pedogenesis, Pedology, Pedosphere
Compare CARNAL and
CORPORAL
• earthly • Bodily

• lewd • Material

• Tangible
• sensuous
• Fleshy
• wanton
• Mortal
 A. deranged; disordered; diseased
1. Temperamental
B. Trait of avoiding excess, sobriety; abnegation;
2. Distempered abstain
3. Temperance C. Not extreme
4. Intemperance D. Angry or disagreeable mood; erratic; excitable
5. Temperate E. Consumption of alcoholic drinks;
intemperateness
What’s the difference between
TEMPERED and TAMPERED?
EX =OUT / 1. Exit 7. Expedite
EXTRA 2. Extend 8. Exclusion
3. Exceed 9. Exculpate
4. Exclude 10. Exhalt
5. Expunge 11. Exponent
6. Excoriate
 SANG / SANGUI =
BLOOD

1. Sanguine A. Blood-relationship; having ancestors in common 

2. Sanguineous B. Red, like blood; ardent; confident 

3. Sangfroid C. Abounding with bloodshed; as, “sanguineous histories

of queens" 
4. Consanguinity
D. Cold-bloodedness; calmness; nonchalance 
 embodiment
sanguine choleric
mental trait

incarnation  quick-tempered

temperament  optimistic
 Guess the meaning of the bold word

• In the Fall from Paradise mankind became possessed by

a carnal nature.

• In today’s world a reckless pursuit of carnal desires is

the greatest cause of misery.
CARNAL

of or relating to the
body or flesh
CARNA
L
• Physical

• Bodily

• Corporal

• Corporeal

• Lascivious
Words from the same root

• carnage

• carnivore

• incarnate

• incarnation

• reincarnation
CARNAG
E

• mass murder

• genocide

• hecatomb

• holocaust
Question 1
The travel writer’s ______________ towards others he met on his
cross-country trip most likely endeared him only to those readers with
a misanthropic bent.

A) diffidence
B) humility
C) cynicism
D) obsequiousness
What is common between
CONFICENCE AND DIFFIDENCE?
What’s the difference between

CONFIDENT and CONFIDANT or CONFIDANTE ?

What’s the difference between
FIDELITY and INFIDEL or
INFIDELITY
FID = 1. Confidential
TRUST 2. Confide
3. Affidavit
4. Fidelity
5. Infidel
6. Infidelity
7. Bonafide
8. Perfidy
 OBSEQUIOUS synonyms
• Servile • Fidelity, faithfulness
complaisance • Kneeling down
• fealty • submissiveness
• genuflection • Excessive respect
• obeisance • sycophancy
• prostration

Can you make the most appropriate pairs from the two
columns?
Question 2
That we can, from a piece of art, (i) ____________ the unconscious urges of
the artist—urges that remain hidden even from the artist himself—will
remain a(n) (ii)______________ issue, as it is one easily subjected to
empirical analysis: we can never definitively know what is submerged deep
inside the artist’s psyche, let alone reconcile any such revelations with the
artist’s work.

A) derive – intractable
B) appreciate – practical
C) subvert – unambiguous
D) Submerge – ubiquitous
SUB =
UNDER

• Subvert
• Submerge
• Subjugate
• Subterranean
• Subordinate
VERT =
MOVE
• Invert
• Revert
• Pervert
• Avert
• Vertigo
AMPHIBIA
N
AMBI = TWO /
BOTH
• Ambiguous
• Ambivalence
• Ambisyllabic
• Amphitheatre
What’s the difference between
AMBIGUOUS and AMBIVALENCE ?
AMBIGUOU
S
• equivocal
• vague
• esoteric
• murky
• mystifying
• unclear
AMBIVALEN
• doubt
CE
• hesitancy

• hesitation

• indecision

• uncertainty
VALENT = STATE OF MIND / having
VALENCY of
• Volition

• voluntary

• Equivalent

• Malevolent

• Benevolent
TRACT = TO
PULL
• detract
• subtract
• distract
• extract
• tractable
• intractable
• contract
• retract
• protracted
Diffidence Servility

Obsequiousness Univocal
Ubiquitous Stubborn
Intractable prevasive
Unambiguous Self-consciousness
 Question 3
The study’s ____ conclusion is that during the first half of the 20th
Century improved standards of personal hygiene reduced the risk of an
individual’s contracting poliomyelitis, yet tended to make the disease
more lethal to communities.
A. pugnacious
B. paradoxical 
C. unwarranted 
D. complaisant
 Question 4
Mannering's personal diary, a record of ____ preoccupations and
domestic details, belies the depth of thought for which he was
renowned in the academic world.
A. pedantic
B. mundane 
C. bonafide 
D. intractable
Question 5
The excessive importance to the syllabus and evaluation has become so
rampant that most students close their minds to anything ____ to the
needs of the examination.
A. related 
B. catering 
C. extraneous 
D. similar 
Question 6
The comedian was so (i) ____________ as to be unable to _________ the
effect she had on her spectators that she remained waiting for their applause.
On the contrary, the disgusted audience stood up to leave.

A) coarse - mitigate
B) oblivious - discern
C) presumptuous - ignore
D) Arrogant – acknowledge
Question 7
Unlike the performances of her youth, in which she seamlessly played a role,
the performances of her later years were ____________, as though she were
calling out to audiences, “look how convincingly I can portray my character.”

A) contrived
B) comical
C) volatile
D) mechanical
Question 8
The gossip columnist’s ____________ was ____________ the number
of her published columns–the more articles she wrote, the more
untruths she spread.

A) calumny – commensurate with

B) ardour – inverse to
C) flattery – unconnected to
D) obsequiousness – averse to
Question 9
Were scientific advancement simply a question of the mere accumulation of
facts then we have made (1) ____________ progress over the last two
centuries; however, it is not sheer data alone but rather a scientist’s ability to
interpret this information that accounts for the (2) ____________
breakthroughs of the last couple hundred years.

A) inimitable – diligent
B) scant – limited
C) evident – momentous
D) trivial – important
Question 10
That the comedian was so (i) ____________ as to be unable to (ii)
____________ the effect she had on others was not lost on her audience,
who quickly stood up to leave, hoping their action would at least send an
unambiguous message.

A) coarse – ignore
B) oblivious – discern
C) presumptuous – mitigate
D) alert – propagate
In this video we learn have learnt
• Root method

• Guessing contextual meaning of a word

• Synonyms

• Overall 50 words

• Text Completion Questions