Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Pharmaceutical Industrial
Management (Pharm 5211): Section B
Introduction
Accident prevention & fire protection – part of any industry
Make sure that location of plant offers no undue danger to adjacent life
and property.
Also, the extent of exposure from outside properties not under the
control of plant influences….
Size of mains, branches to individual hydrants and the way they are
coated, insulated and laid in the underground should be based on
specifications.
Hydrants are located such that 2 streams are available for a building.
Fire alarm systems for promptly notifying the fire brigade and exit of
employees
For large floor areas or combustible construction, fire wall cutoffs (of
at least 13 in.), door openings protected with single or double
automatic fire doors.
Light from above is better than light from side or windows only.
Change rooms with lockers, wash rooms, lunch rooms and toilet facilities –
adequate for all employees.
A drinking water system meeting health codes and with regular chemical
and bacteriological analysis.
Buildings: Automatic sprinkler systems
The best, simple safeguard against loss of life and property by fire.
For incipient fires & installed with other equipments e.g., sprinklers
and inside hose.
Properly guarded and free from protecting shafts, exposed moving parts and
projecting set screws.
Rolls or other equipments with moving parts – provided quick stopping devices
(either automatic or manual)
All belts and pulleys within 7 ft. of ground, platforms, stairs, etc. – to be
protected against contact.
Detailed designs for passage through belts, passage over belts, protection
against belt breakage, belt clearance, belt facing pulley speeds and
maintenance, belt shifters and clutches.
No projecting set screws, bolts, keys, etc. on shafting pulleys, gears, etc.
(unless protected by closed guard)
Buildings:
Railings
To provide protection against falling, slippings from elevated platforms,
walkways, etc.
Standard railing on all open sides and ends (if vertical drop of 4 ft./more)
Slipping hazards
If grease, caustic, paraffin, etc. contribute to slippery condition, choice of
surfacing is important.
Nonslip materials e.g., feralum, lead, rubber matting, expanded metal should
be inserted where necessary (especially at all dangerous hand-fed machine.
Buildings: Floor plates, flush covers, trap doors, etc.
Piping, valves, steam traps, etc. – should not project into footways.
Skids
Permanent skids for receiving or storage of drums or barrels.
Processes
Handle corrosive, poisonous or dangerous substances in closed equipment
If not possible, in case of poisonous dust or gas, special ventilation units should
be considered.
Buildings: Tanks, Vats, Pans, Location
Strength, capacity and location of storage tanks, vents, dikes and quick
closing valves in pipe lines should be considered.
Generated from…….
handling materials – solids, liquids or gases
operation of equipment such as belt
Handling of dry granular substances e.g., sulphur in metal chutes
Flow of certain liquids in pipe lines.
Important precautions…….
Extreme care in handling cylinders – don’t drop or strike against each other
Can occur in any combustible dust or any material that burns or oxidises
including metallic dust.
The drier and finer the dust the greater its flammability.
Dilute below the lower limit of explosive range and immediately remove
while in diluted state.
To protect head and eyes, use goggles, shields, helmets, hooks, maskes,
hats, etc.
Use rubber or canvas gloves, rubber boots, aprons, shoes and other
clothing to protect hands, arms, legs and feet.
Safety and fire protection organization
A central committee:
Departmental committee:
Full time plant physician otherwise small industrial first aid units