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The Environment (Protection)
Act 1986
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• INTRODUCTION
• OBJECTIVES
• DEFINATIONS
• CENTRAL BOARD
• OFFICERS
• POWERS OF THE CENTRALPooja
GOVERNMENT
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• RULES TO REGULATE ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
• PREVENTION, CONTROL, AND ABATEMENT OF
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
• ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORIES
• QUALIFICATIONS OF GOVERNMENT ANALYST
• FUNCTIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL
LABORATORIES
• PENALTY
• CONCLUSION
• REFRENSES
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An Act to provide for the protection and improvement of
environment and formatters connected therewith.
Whereas the decisions were taken at the United Nations Conference
on the Human Environment held at Stockholm in June, 1972, in
which India participated, to take appropriate steps for the protection
and improvement of human environment.
The Environment (Protection) Act 1986 was introduced after the
Bhopal gas tragedy during Rajiv Gandhi was the Prime Minister of
our country.
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• To protect the forests and wildlife in the country.
• To improve the quality of life by protection of environment.
• To co-ordinate the activities of the various regulatory
agencies already in existence.
• To appoint environment officers to check environmental
pollution.
• Establishing environmental laboratories.
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• Environment-
• Environment it includes water, air and land and the inter
relationship which exists between water, air and land and human
being, other living creatures, plants, micro organisms and
property.
• Environment pollutant-
• It means any solid, liquid or gaseous substance present in such
concentration as may be injurious to environment pollutant.
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• Hazardous substance -
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SOURCES AND CAUSES FOR THE
POLLUTION
• Combustion
• Construction
• Mining
• Agriculture
• Chemical plants
• Coal-fired power plants
• Oil refineries
• Petrochemical plants, Nuclear waste
• Large livestock farms (dairy cows, pigs, poultry, etc.)
• PVC factories
• Plastics factories and other heavy industry are
increasingly significant in the pollution equation.
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• Chairman
• Representative of the State Govt. (not exceeding five)
• Representative of local bodies (not exceeding five)
• Representative of companies or corporations owned, controlled
or managed by the State Govt. (two)
• Representative have interests of agriculture, fishery or industry
or trade etc. (not exceeding three)
• Member Secretary:
• (Full time possessing qualifications, knowledge and experience
of scientific, engineering or management aspects of pollution
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control.) 0
• Chairman
• Representative of the Central Govt. (not exceeding five)
• Representative of State Govt. (not exceeding five)
• Representative of companies or corporations owned, controlled
or
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1. Laying down standards for the quality of environment
in its various aspects.
4. Restriction of areas.
a) The standards of quality of air, water or soil for various areas and
purposes.
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c) The procedures and safeguards for the handling of
hazardous substances.
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• Persons carrying on industry operation, etc., not to allow emission
or discharge of environmental pollutants in excess of the standards.
• Persons handling hazardous substances to comply with procedural
safeguards
• Furnishing of information to authorities and agencies in certain cases
• Powers of entry and inspection
• Power to take sample and procedure to be followed in connection
therewith
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a) Graduate in science from a recognized university with five year’s
experience in a laboratory engaged in environmental investigations,
testing or analysis; or
b) Post-graduate in science or a graduate in engineering or a graduate in
medicine or equivalent with two year’s experience in a laboratory
engaged in environmental investigations, testing or analysis; or
c) Post-graduate in environmental science from a recognized university
with two year’s experience in a laboratory engaged in environmental
investigations, testing or analysis.
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• To evolve standardized methods for sampling and analysis of
various types of environmental pollutants.
• To analyze samples sent by the Central Government or the officers
empowered under sub-section (1) of section 11.
• To carry out such investigations as may be directed by the Central
Government to lay down standards for the quality of environment
and discharge of environmental pollutants, to monitor and to enforce
the standards laid down.
• To send periodical reports regarding its activities to the Central
Government.
• To carry out such other functions as may be entrusted to it by the
Central Government from time to time.
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a) Whoever fails to comply with or contravenes any of the
provisions of this Act, or the rules made or orders or directions
issued thereunder, shall, in respect of each such failure or
contravention, be punishable with imprisonment for a term which
may extend to five years with fine which may extend to one lakh
rupees, or with both, and in case the failure or contravention
continues, with additional fine which may extend to five thousand
rupees for every day during which such failure or contravention
continues after the conviction for the first such failure or
contravention.
1)(1) Where an offence under this Act has been committed by any
Department of Government, the Head of the Department shall be
deemed to be guilty of the offence and shall be liable to be proceeded
against and punished accordingly.
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WATER ACT, 1974
(Prevention and control of pollution)
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The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution)
Act, 1974
• The Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1948 was the first
major U.S. law to address water pollution. Growing public
awareness and concern for controlling water pollution led to
sweeping amendments in 1972. As amended in 1972, the law
became commonly known as the Clean Water Act (CWA).
• The need for legislating the act was felt in the year 1962, it was the
same year when independent India fought its first war with china.
A committee was set up in 1962 to draw a draft enactment for the
prevention of water pollution. Pooja Tyagi 2
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Introduction
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OBJECTIVES
The water(prevention and pollution control) act 1974, provides for
following:
2. Sewerage Effluent
3. Trade effluent
4. Occupier
5. Outlet
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6. Stream 8
2e POLLUTION
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Sewage effluent
Sewage effluent means effluent from
•The person who has control there over affairs to the factory or premises
And includes
• River
• Watercourses
• Inland water
• Sea or tidal water such extent or, as the case may be , to such point
may as the state government may, by notification in the critical
gazeeth , specify
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Functions of Central Board (sec. 16)
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Example:-Ganga action Plan
• To oversee the implementation of the GAP and to lay down
policies and programmes, Government of India constituted the
CGA (Central Ganga Authority)in February 1985, renamed as the
NRCA (National River Conservation Authority)in September 1995,
under the chairmanship of the Prime Minister. The Government
also established the GPD (Ganga Project Directorate)in June 1985
as a wing of Department of Environment, to execute the projects
under the guidance and supervision of the CGA. The Government
renamed the GPD as the NRCD (National River Conservation
Directorate)in June 1994. Pooja Tyagi 3
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GAP I
• The GAP-I envisaged to intercept, divert and treat 882 mld (million litres
per day) out of 1340 mld of wastewater, generated in 25 class-i towns in 3
states of uttar pradesh, bihar and west bengal. The NRCD had scheduled the
GAP-I for completion by march 1990, but extended it progressively up to
march 2000. While the GAP-I was still in progress, the CGA decided in
february 1991 to take up the GAP-II, covering the following pollution
abatement works:
GAP II
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THE AIR(PREVENTION AND
CONTROL OF POLLUTION)ACT 1981
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What is Air pollution?
Air pollution refers to the release of pollutants into the air that
are detrimental to human health and the planet as a whole.
It is an undesirable change in the physical, chemical or
biological characteristics of air.
Sources of Air Pollution are:-
1. Man-made
2. Natural
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Major Air Pollutants
1. Carbon Monoxide
2. Sulphur Dioxide
3. Carbon Dioxide
4. Chlorofloro Carbon
5. Nitrogen Oxide
6. Ozone
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Air Pollution Control Acts
1948:-Factories Act and Amendment in 1987.
1981:-Air(Prevention and Control of Pollution)Act.
1982:-Air(Prevention and Control of Pollution)Rules.
1982:-Atomic Energy Act.
1987:-Air(Prevention and Control of
Pollution)Amendment
Act.
1988:-Motor Vehicle Act.
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The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,
1981
The Air(Prevention and Control of Pollution)Act, 1981 is
a central Act of Parliament, which provides for the
prevention and control of air pollution and maintaining
the good quality of air.
It also provided for the establishment of the Central and
State Boards for the Prevention and Control of Air
Pollution.
It is applicable to whole of India except Jammu and
Kashmir.
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Objective
To provide for the prevention, control and abatement of air
pollution.
To provide for the establishment of central and state board
with a view to implement the Act.
To confer on the boards the power to implement the
provisions of the Act and assign to the boards functions
relating to pollution.
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Definition Under the Air Act
“Air Pollutant” means any solid, liquid or gaseous
substance(including noise) present in the
atmosphere in such concentration as may be or tend
to be injurious to human beings or living
creatures or other plants orproperty or
environment.(Sec.2(a))
“Air Pollutant” the presence in the
means
atmosphere of any air.(Sec.(b))
“Board” means the Central and
State Board.(Sec.2(f))
“Member” means a member of the Central Board or
a State Board, as the case may be, and includes the
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Central Pollution Control Board
Central Pollution Control Board constituted under sec.3
of the Water Prevention and Control Act,1974 was
authorized to exercise the powers and performs the
functions for the prevention and control of air pollution.
(CPCB) of India is a statutory organisation under the
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. It
serves as a field formation and provide technical and
financial services.
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The functions of Central Board under the Air Act
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The functions of State Boards under the Air Act
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NATIONAL GREEN TRIBUNAL ACT
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The act aims at efficient solving of cases
related to environmental pollution and
giving reliefand compensation for
damages to persons and property and for
matters connected therewith
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Initially, the NGT is proposed to be set up at five places of
sittings and will follow circuit procedure for making itself more
accessible; New Delhi is the Principal Place of Sitting of the
Tribunal and Bhopal, Pune, Kolkata, Allahabad and Chennai
shall be the other place of sitting of the Tribunal.
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There lie many reasons behind the setting up of this tribunal.
After India's move with Carbon credits, such tribunal may play a
vital role in ensuring the control of emissions and maintaining
the desired levels. This is the first body of its kind that is
required by its parent statute to apply the "polluter pays"
principle and the principle of sustainable development.
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The tribunal is mandated to make and endeavor for disposal
of applications or appeals finally within 6 months of filing .
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During the Rio de Janeiro summit of United Nations
Conference on Environment and Development in June 1992,
India vowed the participating states to provide judicial and
administrative remedies for the victims of the pollutants and
other environmental damage.
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•It is a specialized body equipped with necessary expertise to
handle environment disputes involving multi- disciplinary
issues.
• The tribunal provides –
a) Relief and compensation to the victims of pollution and
other environment damage for restitution of property
damaged
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JURISDICTION
The NGT has the power to hear all civil cases relating to
environmental issues and questions that are linked to the
implementation of laws listed in Schedule I of the NGT Act.
These include the following
The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974;
•The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act,
1977;
• The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980;
• The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981;
• The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986;
•This means that any violations pertaining only to these laws, or
any order / decision taken by the Government under these laws
can be challenged before the NGT.
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YAMUNA CONSERVATION ZONE
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BAN ON OLD DIESEL VEHICLES
An attempt to minimize air pollution in Delhi
&NCR PM 2.5 particles have reached alarming
level. As per this order 10 years old vehicle aren’t
allowed to ply.
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