Introduction to Environmental Engineering

Environmental Science and Engineering

QUESTION

ANSWER
Topics
• Environmental Science and Environmental Engineering
• Environmental Systems Overview
• Philippine Environmental Legislations and Regulations
ENVIRONMENT Is everything that surrounds us. It can be living or non-living things.

The term “environment” is often used to refer to “biophysical environment”.

Biophysical environment is composed of the biotic and abiotic surroundings of an organism including the factors that
has an influence to their survival, development and evolution.
Composition of The scope of the biophysical environment
ENVIRONMENT is all that comprise the biosphere.
 4 SPHERES
All water on the Earth in
The thin, fragile layer of gases
oceans, rivers, lakes etc..
that surrounds the Earth

Living matter on Earth,

including all plant and animal (Lithosphere) The Earth's crust
life forms including landforms, rocks and
soils
 Environmental Science
Study of the physical, biological, and chemical processes that shape the
environment and how human activity affects and is affected by theses physical
processes

Environmental Engineering
Application of scientific and engineering principles to assess, manage,
and design sustainable environmental system for the protection of
human and ecological health.
 • Air Pollution and Air Quality Control Processes
• Drinking Water, Surface Water, and Groundwater
Quality

Scope of • Chemical, Physical, and Biological Water and

Wastewater Treatment Processes

Environmental
• Environmental Chemistry, Microbiology, Geology, and
Ecology
• Hydrology and Water Resources
Engineering • Hazardous, Radioactive, and Solid Waste
Management and Remediation
• Solid Waste, Sludge and Disposal, and Wastewater
Management
• Sustainable Engineering Systems
POLLUTION
Undesirable change in the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of the air, water, or land that can
harmfully affect the health, survival, or activities of humans or other living organisms.

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/news-air-quality-brain-cognitive-function
Environmental Systems Overview
3 Environmental Systems
• water resource management system,
• air resource management system,
• solid waste management system.

Problems that are confined to one of these systems are called single-medium problems if the medium is either air,
water, or soil.

Many important environmental problems are not confined to one of these simple systems but cross the boundaries
from one to the other. These problems are referred to as multimedia pollution problems.
Philippine Environmental Legislation and Regulation
PHILIPPINE CLEAN AIR ACT
June 23, 1999 – Enactment
July 2, 1999 – Publication
July 17, 1999 – Effectivity
Republic Act No. 8749 (Section 1) Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999
(Section 2) Declaration of Principles

The State shall protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced and
healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature.

• The State shall promote and protect the global environment to attain
sustainable development while recognizing the primary responsibility of local
government units to deal with environmental problems.
• The State recognizes that the responsibility of cleaning the habitat and
environment is primarily area-based.
• The State also recognizes the principle that "polluters must pay".
• Finally, the State recognizes that a clean and healthy environment is for the
good of all and should therefore be the concern of all.
Republic Act No. 8749 (Section 1) Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999
(Section 3) Declaration of Policy

The State shall pursue a policy of balancing development and environmental protection. To achieve this end,
the framework for sustainable development shall be pursued. It shall be the policy of the State to:

a. Formulate a holistic national program of air pollution management that shall be implemented by the
government through proper delegation and effective coordination of functions and activities;
b. Encourage cooperation and self-regulation among citizens and industries though the application of
market-based instruments;
c. Focus primarily on pollution prevention rather than on control and provide for a comprehensive
management program for air pollution;
d. Promote public information and education to encourage the participation of an informed and active
public in air quality planning and monitoring; and
e. Formulate and enforce a system of accountability for short and long-term adverse environmental
impact of a project, program or activity. This shall include the setting up of a funding or guarantee
mechanism for clean-up and environmental rehabilitation and compensation for personal damages.
RA 8749
(Section 4) Recognition of Rights
Pursuant to the above-declared
principles, the following rights of
citizens are hereby sought to be
recognized and the State shall seek to
guarantee their enjoyment:
Are you allowed to do
backyard waste burning
“siga” under RA 8749?
Article 2. Section 20
Ban on Incineration. - Incineration, hereby defined
as the burning of municipal, bio-medical and
hazardous wastes, which process emits poisonous and
toxic fumes, is hereby prohibited:

Provided, however, That the prohibition shall not

apply to traditional small-scale method of
community/neighborhood sanitation "siga",
traditional, agricultural, cultural, health, and food
preparation and crematoria:

……
Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR)
RA 8749
DENR Administrative Order No. 2000 – 81
(DAO 2000-81)

November 07, 2000 - Approved

PHILIPPINE CLEAN WATER ACT
March 22, 2004 – Enactment
April 21, 2004 – Publication
May 6, 2004 – Effectivity
Republic Act No. 9275 (Section 1) Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004
(Section 2) Declaration of Policy

The State shall pursue a policy of economic growth in a manner consistent with the protection, preservation
and revival of the quality of our fresh, brackish and marine waters. To achieve this end, the framework for
sustainable development shall be pursued. As such, it shall be the policy of the State:

a. To streamline processes and procedures in the prevention, control and abatement of pollution of the
country’s water resources;
b. To promote environmental strategies, use of appropriate economic instruments and of control
mechanisms for the protection of water resources;
c. To formulate a holistic national program of water quality management that recognizes that water
quality management issues cannot be separated from concerns about water sources and ecological
protection, water supply, public health and quality of life;
d. To formulate an integrated water quality management framework through proper delegation and
effective coordination of functions and activities;
e. To promote commercial and industrial processes and products that are environment friendly and
energy efficient;
Republic Act No. 9275 (Section 1) Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004
(Section 2) Declaration of Polies

f. To encourage cooperation and self-regulation among citizens and industries through the application
of incentives and market-based instruments and to promote the role of private industrial enterprises
in shaping its regulatory profile within the acceptable boundaries of public health and environment;
g. To provide for a comprehensive management program for water pollution focusing on pollution
prevention;
h. To promote public information and education and to encourage the participation of an informed and
active public in water quality management and monitoring;
i. To formulate and enforce a system of accountability for short and long-term adverse environmental
impact of a project, program or activity; and
Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR)
RA 9275
DENR Administrative Order No. 2005 – 10
(DAO 2005-10)

May 16, 2005 - Approved

ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTES MANAGEMENT
January 26, 2001 – Enactment
Republic Act No. 9003 (Section 1) Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
(Section 2) Declaration of Principles

It is hereby declared the policy of the State to adopt a systematic, comprehensive and ecological solid waste
management program which shall:

a. Ensure the protection of public health and environment;

b. Utilize environmentally-sound methods that maximize the utilization of valuable resources and encourage
resource conservation and recovery;
c. Set guidelines and targets for solid waste avoidance and volume reduction through source reduction and
waste minimization measures, including composting, recycling, re-use, recovery, green charcoal process,
and others, before collection, treatment and disposal in appropriate and environmentally sound solid
waste management facilities in accordance with ecologically sustainable development principles;
d. Ensure the proper segregation, collection, transport, storage, treatment and disposal of solid waste
through the formulation and adoption of the best environmental practice in ecological waste
management excluding incineration;
Republic Act No. 9003 (Section 1) Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
(Section 2) Declaration of Policies

e. Promote national research and development programs for improved solid waste management and
resource conservation techniques, more effective institutional arrangement and indigenous and improved
methods of waste reduction, collection, separation and recovery;
f. Encourage greater private sector participation in solid waste management;
g. Retain primary enforcement and responsibility of solid waste management with local government units
while establishing a cooperative effort among the national government, other local government units,
non-government organizations, and the private sector;
h. Encourage cooperation and self-regulation among waste generators through the application of market-
based instruments;
i. Institutionalize public participation in the development and implementation of national and local
integrated, comprehensive and ecological waste management programs; and
j. Strengthen the integration of ecological solid waste management and resource conservation and recovery
topics into the academic curricula of formal and non-formal education in order to promote environmental
awareness and action among the citizenry.
Are you allowed to do
backyard waste burning
“siga” under RA 9003?
Chapter VI, Section 48 : Prohibited Acts
.

Section 49 : Prohibited Acts : Fines and Penalties

.
Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR)
RA 9003
DENR Administrative Order No. 2001 - 34
(DAO 2001-34)
December 20, 2001
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
October 26, 1990 – Enactment
Republic Act No. 6969 (Section 1) Toxic
Substances and Hazardous and
Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990
(Section 2) Declaration of Policy
It is the policy of the State to regulate, restrict, or prohibit the importation, manufacture,
processing, sale, distribution, use and disposal of chemical substances and mixtures that
present unreasonable risk and/or injury to health or the environment; to prohibit the entry,
even in transit, of hazardous and nuclear wastes and their disposal into the Philippine
territorial limits for whatever purpose; and to provide advancement and facilitate research
and studies on toxic chemicals

(Section 3) Scope
This Act shall cover the importation, manufacture, processing, handling, storage,
transportation, sale, distribution, use and disposal of all unregulated chemical substances and
mixtures in the Philippines, including the entry, even in transit as well as the keeping or
storage and disposal of hazardous and nuclear wastes into the country for whatever purpose.
Republic Act No. 6969 (Section 1) Toxic
Substances and Hazardous and
Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990
(Section 4) Objectives
a. To keep an inventory of chemicals that are presently being imported, manufactured, or used,
indicating, among others, their existing and possible uses, test data, names of firms manufacturing or
using them, and such other information as may be considered relevant to the protection of health and
the environment;
b. To monitor and regulate the importation, manufacture, processing, handling, storage, transportation,
sale, distribution, use and disposal of chemical substances and mixtures that present unreasonable risk
or injury to health or to the environment in accordance with national policies and international
commitments;
c. To inform and educate the populace regarding the hazards and risks attendant to the manufacture,
handling, storage, transportation, processing, distribution, use and disposal of toxic chemicals and
other substances and mixtures; and
d. To prevent the entry, even in transit, as well as the keeping or storage and disposal of hazardous and
nuclear wastes into the country for whatever purpose.
Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR)
RA 6969
DENR ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER No. 29 Series 1992
(DAO 1992 – 29)
July 6, 1992
CLIMATE CHANGE
October 23, 2009 – Enactment
Republic Act No. 9729 (Section 1) Climate Change Act of 2009
(Section 2) Declarationof Policy
It is the policy of the State to afford full protection and the advancement of the right of the
people to a healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature. In this light,
the State has adopted the Philippine Agenda 21 framework which espouses sustainable
development, to fulfill human needs while maintaining the quality of the natural environment
for current and future generations.

Towards this end, the State adopts the principle of protecting the climate system for the benefit of humankind,
on the basis of climate justice or common but differentiated responsibilities and the Precautionary Principle to
guide decision-making in climate risk management. As a party to the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change, the State adopts the ultimate objective of the Convention which is the stabilization of
greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic
interference with the climate system which should be achieved within a time frame sufficient to allow
ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to
enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner. As a party to the Hyogo Framework for
Action, the State likewise adopts the strategic goals in order to build national and local resilience to climate
change-related disasters.
Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR)
RA 9279
DENR ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER No. 2010 - 01
(DAO 2010 – 01)
JANUARY 20, 2010
Other Important Environmental Laws

A. Presidential Decree 1585 : Philippines Environmental Impact Statement Systems 1978

B. RA 9512 : Environmental Awareness and Education Act of 2008
C. RA 8550 Fisheries Code of 1998
D. PD 856 : Sanitation Code of the Philippines