A

Seminar
on

“Virtual Reality and Its Applications”

Presented by

Mr. Chetan R. Fulaware.

[2020900027]
M. Tech. (Machine Design)

Guided by
Dr. A. S. Rao 1

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute, Mumbai
2020-2021
 Content
◎ Introduction
◎ Literature Review
◎ Component of VR system
◎ Case Study 1
◎ Case Study 2
◎ Case Study 3
◎ Conclusion
◎ References

2
Introduction [1]
◎ Virtual reality (VR) is a simulated experience that can be similar
to or completely different from the real world.

◎ It involves Modeling of an environment and presenting it to the

user and permitting him to interact with it to the user and
permitting him to interact with it intuitively and effortlessly such
that he feels as if he is in the real environment. In other words, he
feels immersed.
Literature Review
◎ Introduction, from “Essential Virtual Reality fast by John Vince” [1]
◎ Components of VR system is referred from “Virtual Reality Systems by John
Vince” [2]
◎ Case Study 1 - “Assessing mental workload in virtual reality based EOT
crane operations: A multi-measure approach”, Souvik Das *, J. Maiti, O.B.
Krishna [3]
◎ Case Study 2 -“Using a virtual community to enhance nursing student’s
understanding of primary health care”, Jenny Day, Tracy Levett-Jones, Ann
Clare Thorington, Taylor [4]
◎ Case Study 3 -“Operators’ accessibility studies for assembly and
maintenance scenarios using virtual reality”, Céphise Louisona, Fabien
Ferlay, Delphine Keller, Daniel R. Mestreb [5]
Component of
VR system [2]
◎ Virtual
Environment (VE)
◎ Computer
Environment
◎ VR technology
◎ Mode of interaction
Application of VR using
Case Studies
Case Study – 1 [3]
“Assessing mental workload in virtual reality based EOT crane
operations: A multi-measure approach”

◎ The aim of this study – EOT crane operators’ mental workload

variability based on eye movement metrics

◎ Such as fixation frequency, fixation duration, saccade duration,

saccade amplitude, and fixation/saccade ratio during EOT crane
operations in virtual reality (VR) based EOT crane simulator.
◎ Methodology
1. Team identified EOT crane operation as a field of study to
assess the mental processing of the crane operators
2. Developed a virtual environment of the EOT crane
operations
3. Recruited EOT crane operators
4. Eye tracking experiment was designed to track operators’ eye
movements’ pattern.
5. Operators’ performances were measured based on perceived
workload
◎ The EOT crane
operations procedures
1. The operators have to lift
the molten metal
carrying ladle
2. They shift the same ladle
from the steel car to top
of slag pot
3. Based on operational
demand, the operators,
either tilt the ladle, dump
the slags into the slag pot
4. And place the ladle on
the turret.
Data analysis
◎ R studio, version 3.6.2.
◎ A series of univariate tests were performed
○ Hazardous scenario
○ The complexity of activities;
○ And trial (for each dependent variable
Conclusion
◎ The effect of hazardous scenario, activity level and trial in
EOT crane operations on eye movements metrics
○ More hazards more fixation frequency and duration, ↑ in mental
workload
◉ Result – Postiee correlation betn Fixation frequency and Mental
workload
○ ↑Hazard - ↑Saccade amplitude ↓ Saccade duration
◎ Similar findings as above while participants experienced
complex activity
◎ Trial-level on most of the eye movements metrics is not
significant
Case Study 2 [4]

“Using a virtual community to enhance nursing student’s

understanding of primary health care”
○ This paper Describes how the introduction of a new curriculum created
an opportunity to re-evaluate past approaches to teaching Primary health
care and led to the creation of Wiimali, a virtual community.

○ To ensure graduates have a sound understanding of primary health care

services and how these contribute to individual and community health
Background
◎ Primary health care –underpined principles of social
justice, empowerment/community participation and equity

◎ To practice, health care staff and their organisations need

to use strategies

◎ Primary Health Care in Australia

◎ How to achieve the aims of current reforms.

Responding to the challenge
◎ A philosophy for the programme was developed

◎ The curriculum needed to engage students, motivate them

to learn

◎ A virtual community called Wiimali was created.

◎ This community provides engaging stimulus materials which

are used in tutorials, lectures and self-directed activities
 ◎ Founded on experiential and constructivist approaches to
learning
◎ Students to explore and understand the community as a
Using Wiimali
whole
to facilitate ◎ Wiimali is an embedded part of the course and learning for
learning students
◎ Undertake the virtual tour, a multimedia introduction
◎ Key aspects of the community
◎ Familiarization
◎ Creating a dynamic community environment
◎ Key influences in Australian community -
local council chambers, migrant and refugee
center, and Aboriginal Medical Service
◎ Local newspaper and radio broadcast
◎ Stories shared through the local radio
broadcasts and the Wiimali newspaper add
information about government strategies
◎ The community member blogs
◎ Throughout the course, tutorial preparation
activities invite students to return to Wiimali
Conclusion
◎ Further development of nursing roles and opportunities are needed in
this sector

◎ Achieve the required quality of health care service, nurses need to be

prepared at under- graduate, postgraduate and continuing education
levels

◎ The use of virtual communities which are capable of being shaped to

mirror real health services within communities are therefore an
important development that has the potential to assist education
providers to meet this educational need.
Case Study 3 [5]

“Operators’ accessibility studies for assembly and maintenance

scenarios using virtual reality”
◎ The development of fusion
plants is more and more
challenging.
◎ These components are designed
in parallel, and we must
consider integration, assembly
and maintenance issues, which
might have a huge impact on the
overall design
◎ Virtual reality (VR) provides
tools to optimize such
integration.
◎ Use of VR in feasibility of the
assembly scenario is assessed
by the operators involving in the
real assembly work.
Introduction
◎ The human factor takes an important role,

◎ However, if visual rendering of a complex confined space is

nowadays satisfying

◎ This is a problem, since, to validate a maintenance task, the

operator has to maneuver in a confined environment, to pay
attention to his/her whole body and adopt a correct posture
with respect to the environment
Approach
◎ The haptic perception combines
○ The kinesthetic perception
○ Tactile perception

◎ Kinesthetic/force feedback is importance in constructing a

spatial mental model of the world.

◎ They have used lighter pseudo-haptic systems for

representation of localized information such as con- tact points
Experimental Study
◎ In this experimentation, subjects to walk in a
three meters wide corridor.
◎ The VE –
○ A corridor with at the middle a two panel
sliding door
○ The door different width apertures: 40, 50,
60, 70, 80 cm.
○ Studied the instinctive behavior
(affordance) of rotating our shoulders
◎ Oculus Rift DK2 device and a vibrotactile
device used
◎ The results
○ In the absence of any feedback subjects
collided in almost 50% of the trials for
small apertures.
○ Fewer collisions were observed when the
vibrotactile feedback – about 75%
Conclusion
◎ This study allows calibrating the perception of the operator’s
body-environment relationships and enhance visuo-
proprioceptive consistency

◎ Associating these aspects to enhance the validity of assembly

and maintenance simulations realized in virtual reality
 References

1. Virtual Reality Systems by John Vince

2. “Assessing mental workload in virtual reality based EOT crane
operations: A multi-measure approach”, Souvik Das *, J. Maiti, O.B.
Krishna
3. “Using a virtual community to enhance nursing student’s
understanding of primary health care”, Jenny Day, Tracy Levett-Jones,
Ann Clare Thorington, Taylor
4. “Operators’ accessibility studies for assembly and maintenance
scenarios using virtual reality”, Céphise Louisona, Fabien Ferlay,
Delphine Keller, Daniel R. Mestreb
THANK YOU