13.

The state of stress at a point relative to an xyz co-ordinate system is

[ 50−25 15−25 3010 15 10 20 ]

Determine the strain of stress relative to an equivalent x’y’z’ co-ordinate system if

Axes x y z
x’ 30° 60° 90°
y’ 120° 30° 90°
z’ 90° 90° 90°

Ans:-

The transformation matrix Q is given by

[Q] =
[ cos ⁡( x ' , x) cos ⁡(x ' , y) cos ⁡(x ' , z) cos ⁡( y ' , x) cos ⁡( y ' , y ) cos ⁡( y ' , z ) cos ⁡( z ' , x )cos ⁡( z ' , y )cos ⁡(z ' , z )] =
[ cos ⁡(30)cos ( 60 ) cos ( 90 ) cos ( 120 ) cos ( 30 ) cos ( 90 ) cos ( 90 ) cos ( 90 ) cos ( 90 ) ]
[ Q ]= [ 0.87 0.5 0−0.5 0.87 0 0 0 0 ]
The strain in another co-ordinate system can be obtained by using the general tensor
transformation rule:

[ σ ' ] = [ Q ][ σ ][ Q ]T

[ σ ' ]= [ 0.87 0.5 0−0.5 0.87 0 0 0 0 ][ 50−2515−25 30 1015 10 20 ] [ 0.87−0.5 0 0.5 0.87 0 0 0 0 ]
[ σ ' ]= [ 23.6−21.37 0−21.37 56.96 0 0 0 0 ]
6. At a point stress material stress tensor is [ −40 72 3272 80 46 32 46 120 ] MPa. Calculate the
normal stress and resultant stresses on plane whose normal makes on angle 60°and 85° with x
and y axis respectively.

Ans:-

Here l = cos(α)=cos(60)=0.5

m=cos(β)=cos(85)=0.0871

We know that ( l2 + m2 + n2 ) =1

Therefore n = (1- l2 - m2 )0.5 =(1- 0.52 -0.0872 )0.5 =0.862

Applying Cauchy’s law,

[ σ Rx σ Ry σ Rz ]=[ −4072 32 7280 4632 46120 ][ 0.5 0.087 0 ]

[ σ Rx σ Ry σ Rz ]=[ 13.816 82.566 123.332 ]
Resultant stress σ R =√ ❑ = √ ❑= 149.05

The normal component σ n is given as:

σ n=l σ Rx +m σ Ry + n σ Rz = (0.5*13.816+0.087*82.566+0.861*123.332)

σ n=120.28