INSTRUMENTS

IDENTIFICATION & LINE

SYMBOLS
Industrial Instrumentation

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 Instruments
Instruments are devices used for
measuring and monitoring process
conditions for purpose of
 Plant safety
 Controlling product quality

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 Instruments are used for
 Transmission
 Control
 Measurement of any variable

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 Why we need instruments?
 Steady state assumption not observed in
processes
 Plant can continue to operate safely,
efficiently, and profitably regardless of
what upsets occur.

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 Variables to be measured
 Pressure
 Temperature
 Level
 Flow
 Compositions

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 Flowsheets
 Process flowsheets
 Mechanical flowsheets (P&IDs)

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 P&IDs
 Process equipment, valves,
instruments and pipe lines are tagged
with unique identification codes

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  P&IDs provide more detail than a
process flow diagram with the exception
of the parameters, i.e. temperature,
pressure, and flow values.
 Use specific symbols to show the
connectivity of equipment, sensors, and
valves in a control system.

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 List of P&ID items
 Instrumentation and designations
 Mechanical equipment with names and numbers
 All valves and their identifications
 Process piping and identification
 Flow directions
 Computer control system input
 Identification of components and subsystems
delivered by others
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 Instrumentation Symbols
 A list of symbols to help the designer in
representation of control and
instrumentation schemes has been
standardized

 A list of control and instrumentation

symbols is provided below

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 Variable Symbols
Symbol Variable Symbol Variable
Density or
Pressure or
D specific P
vacuum
gravity
Speed,
Electrical
E S revolutions, or
quantity
frequency
F Flow T Temperature
L Level V Viscosity
Moisture or Weight or
M W
humidity force

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 Function Symbols
Measurement Measurement
Equipment Equipment
Symbol Symbol
Format or Format or
Function Function
A Alarm R Recording
Sequence
C Correction S
control
Transfer or
E Detection T
conversion
I Indication Y Computation

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 Instrument’s function
 Discrete instruments
 Shared display/ shared control
 Computer function
 Programmable logic control

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 Instrument Tag information

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 Valve Types

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 Types of valve operators

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