MISSOURI S&T

INTRAMURAL SPORTS
Basketball Officials Training – 1/11 and 1/12/12
Learning Outcomes
 Understand the Basic Mechanics and Positioning of
Basketball Officiating
 Be able to demonstrate how give proper mechanics
for fouls and violations
 Who Are We?
 Professional Staff
 Sarah Moore – Intramural Director
 Nick White – Intramural Manager
 whitenic@mst.edu

 573-341-4106 (office) or 770-361-1145 ( Nick’s cell)

 Clinicians
 Mitch Jones
 Casey Bollmann
 Ethan Shackelford
 Josh Busche
 Meghann Morrow
 Kristen Drage
 Austin Fitzpatrick
Length of the Season
 3-4 Game League
 Play Begins Tuesday, January 17th
 Playoffs will begin
 Week of February 12th
Employee Expectations
 Professionalism
 Courtesy/Customer Service
 Outstanding Conduct When Participating!
 Responsibility
 HUSTLE, HUSTLE, HUSTLE
 HAVE FUN
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GaELjIA5BFY
Evaluations
 Evaluations are constructive and for your benefit!
 None of us know everything

 Always room for improvement

 Types of Evaluations:
 Verbal – All season

 Written – Starting the 2nd week

 Questions/Concerns?
 Nick White
When do I work?
 Tentative Schedule:
 Sunday 5:00-10:00 PM
 Monday – Thursday 6:00-10:00 PM
 Availability Sheets
 Completed today before you leave
 Can update when needed (must be done by Wednesday at
11:00pm)
 Schedules
 Where and when (Friday by noon via email)
 Substituting
What do I Wear
 Provided By Intramural Sports
 Whistle
 Officials Jersey
 You Provide
 Shorts/Wind Pants (black preferred)
 Sneakers (Dark preferred)
 All other essential clothing items

 You are Expected to look professional at ALL times!!!

Scoresheets – Pre-Game
 Players
 All players must check in with a photo ID (S&T ID or
Driver’s license)
 Count the players on the court to see if the number
matches the amount on the score sheet
 Numbers
 All players must have a unique, whole digit number,
marked on the score sheet
 Captains
 Captains should be noted on the score sheet
Game Time!!
 Forfeit Time
 Game Time!

 One Team Present

 Additional 10 Minutes choice

 Neither Team Present

 Double Forfeit

 When do I start the game clock?

Game Time – cont’d
 Two 20 minute halves of continuous running time.
 Clock stops for time outs or official time outs (e.g. for injuries or
retrieving a ball). Clock is not stopped for violations.
 During the last two minutes of the second half, the clock will be stopped
for all dead ball situations (e.g., violations, turnovers, time outs, fouls,
etc.).
 Half-time = 3 minutes
 Time-out = 1 minute
 2 Time-outs per half
 You can only call a time-out when your team is in possession of the
ball, or during a dead ball period
 During playoffs if necessary, a 2 minute overtime shall be played to
determine a winner. Clock stops on all dead ball situations. The overtime
period will be repeated until a winner is declared. There will be a 1 minute
break between each overtime.
Scoresheets – Post Game
 Scorekeepers
 Write the result of the game and circle the winning team.
 Ensure that any ejected players are noted as such on the sheet
 Signatures
 Both captains sign the sheet after the game to verify the score
and the winning team
 Team Sportsmanship
 Get sportsmanship ratings for both teams from the score keeper,
officials, and opposing team’s captain
Emergency Situations
 Your roles:
 Crowd Control
 Directing/Meeting EMS Personnel
 Gathering Information
 Getting games stopped, and then
re-started as appropriate
 Not your roles:
 Diagnosis
 Primary Care
 Ensuring the ‘show must go on’
 Assigning Blame (Publicly)
 Suggesting care, or other options for injured person
 Breaking up Fights
The Meat and Potatoes with a side of
Jello

Let’s Talk Basketball

One version of mechanics
Basketball Fundamentals - Violations
 Open Hand
 Common Violations: Definitions/Demonstrations
 Traveling
 Double Dribble
 Carry/Palming
 Timing Violations
 3 Seconds in the lane
 10 Seconds in the back court
 5 Seconds out of bounds
 5 Seconds Closely Guarded
 Free Throw Violations
Basketball Fundamentals - Fouls
 Closed Hand
 Common Fouls: Definitions/Demonstrations
 Blocking

 Charging (Player Control)

 Holding

 Hand Checking

 Pushing

 Illegal Use of Hands

 Technical

 Intentional/Flagrant
Reporting a Foul
 Don’t make a call on the run
 Come to a complete stop, then make the signal

 Stay calm, don’t hurry

 Raise arm
 Verbalize the call
 Foul– White 34 w/ the push (signal push)
 Have a confident voice
 Remember who was fouled and who committed the
foul
 Quick Basketball Rules
 Penalties are awarded in the 
order they occur
 A player cannot dribble and
travel at the same time
 Bonus:
 Shoot 1 and 1 after 7th
team foul
 Shoot 2 after 10th team foul
 Don’t shoot after a player
control foul
A shooter that leaves the
ground is in the act of shooting
until they return to the ground
 A try for goal is a shot or
attempt to score and it ends
when the ball enters the basket,
is certain to miss, or hits the
floor
Technical's, Intentional, Flagrant Fouls
 Technical Foul Enforcement
 Two Free Throws
 Ball will be put in play at half court…Opposite scores
table
 Intentional and Flagrant Fouls
 Award the person fouled 2 free throws.
 Ball is put in at point of interruption
3 Person Mechanics

Objectives
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3-Person

Remember To Officiate!
Officiate Your Primary!
Trust Your Partners!
Primary Coverage Areas- basic
L
L

C
C

T
T
Primary Coverage Areas- LEAD
L
L
LEAD SHOULD:
Start wide
Close Down
Not be afraid to rotate
Rotate based on post play

C
Not stop in the lane
C During rotation, look for the 1st
competitive match up, not the
ball
After rotation, stay in your new
primary

T
T
Primary Coverage Areas- CENTER
L
L
CENTER SHOULD:
Be Active…with “Wide Eyes”
Be prepared to call your side of the
lane
Stay with the drive all the way to the
basket

C
C Not give up a play or player until
picked up by one of your partners
Not back out on rebound…stay put

T
T
Primary Coverage Areas- TRAIL
L
L
TRAIL SHOULD:
Be Positioned at the 28 ft. line
Officiate play/shots in free throw half circle
Stay with the drive all the way to the basket
Not give up a play or player until picked up by one of
your partners

C
C

T
T
Primary Coverage Areas- three point try
L
L
Lead
Leadassists
assistsCenter
Center
and
andTrail
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transition
transition

Trail
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andCenter
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C
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Rotation: When & Why
 Lead initiates rotation based upon:
 Post Play
 Ball Location
 Majority of Players

 Avoid rotating
 During a drive to the basket
 When a shot is going up
 During rebounding action
 When partners are not in the front court
Rotation: When & Why cont’d
 Recognizing rotation are crucial because
everyone’s primary is changing

 Recognize the type of offense/defense

technique being used…(perimeter play, zone,
man-to-man)
Terminology: Wide Angle/ Close down
L
Close down is (usually) the
pre-requisite for rotation to
the weak side

T
 Basic rotation
L

Rotation is (usually) initiated

by the Lead
C C
Lead will initiate rotation based upon:
post players
ball

T majority of players T
partners are in front court
Looking for Angles Spaces

Three person requires you to work for “good looks.”

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player’s backside!
player’s backside!
Play situation:
L

X
X

Trust
TrustYour
YourPartner!
Partner!
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Play situation:
L
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 Coverage on fast breaks/transition

T
T T
T
L
L In transition, the Center
official can extend their vision
L
L
across the court between the 3-
point arcs

C
C
Table
Foul- Front Court- Lead- Stays in front court

C
C

L
L
L
L
L T
T
TT
Table
Foul- Front Court- Center - Stays in front court

C
C
C
C This works for
situations where there
will be a free-throw…
the Trail is at the 28’
line, not half-court

What if the ball is to be

taken out of bounds? Lead

L
L
goes to ball side which
forces Center back to Trail.

T
T
T
T
Table
Foul- Front Court- Lead – Goes to back court

C
C

T
T
L
L L
T
T
Table
Foul- Front Court- Center – Goes to back court

C
C

L
L
T
L
L
T
C
TC
Table
 Foul- Front Court- Trail – Goes to back court

C
C

L
LTT
T
T L
L
Table
 Foul- Front Court- Trail Opposite – Goes to back court

T
T
T
L
LT

L
L

C
C
Table
Foul- Front Court- Lead Opposite – Goes to back court

T
TL
L
T
L
T
L

C
Table
Miscellaneous Notes…
 Opposite is responsible for last second shot
 T and/or C are responsible for bringing in
substitutes…(all of us are ultimately responsible)
 When the ball is in your primary…take the drive all
the way to the basket
 Lead officals must learn to trust their Center
official on weak side plays
 “Active Lead…Strong Center and Trail”
Miscellaneous Notes…
 You can’t be a ball watcher and be an effective 3-
person official
 Double whistles are good…Who gets the call?
 Primary!

 Position of the Trail during Free Throws?

 28 ft. line
 Where is the “C” during a press???
 Freeze after a rebound/made basket to see if there if there is
a press or trap.
 Think: “Center stay put”
2 Person Mechanics

Objectives
Objectivesfor
forUsing
Using2-Person
2-Person

Remember To Officiate!
Officiate Your Primary!
Trust Your Partner!
 BALL COVERAGE – PRIMARY COVERAGE AREAS

TEAM BENCH TEAM BENCH

T The Trail is off-ball and

officiating action in the
shaded area.

The Lead has on-ball

coverage.
 BALL COVERAGE – PRIMARY COVERAGE AREAS

TEAM BENCH TEAM BENCH

T The Trail has on-

ball coverage.

The Lead has off-ball

and officiating action
in the “red” area.
 BALL COVERAGE – PRIMARY AREAS

VISITOR BENCH HOME BENCH

The Trail has on-ball coverage T

and is officiating the high action
in the lined area.

The Lead is off-ball and must help

with off-ball coverage by extending to
the other side of the key because the
ball is up high.
 BALL COVERAGE – PRIMARY AREAS

VISITOR BENCH HOME BENCH

The Trail has on-ball coverage T

and is officiating the high action
in the lined area.

The Lead is off-ball and must help

with off-ball coverage by extending to
the other side of the key because the
ball is up high.
 OFF BALL COVERAGE – 3 POINT IN LEAD AREA

VISITOR BENCH HOME BENCH

The Trail official positions to T

cover the significant action
off the ball.
T
o
x
o x
x
o L
x
o x
o L

The Lead moves to a position to

get the 3-point line covered when
the ball is in the area.
LEAD ROTATES LEAD “BALL SIDE” PRIMARY CHANGED
ACROSS TO GET
BETTER POST
COVERAGE. TEAM BENCH TEAM BENCH
ASSUMES
ADDITIONAL
COVERAGE

L LEAD PRIMARY
COVERAGE

L
T

The coverage area for the ball-side lead is now extended to the area between the
3-point arc and the closest lane line below the F/T line extended. It is important
to note that the extended coverage only applies when the lead moves ball-side. If
the Lead stays opposite the floor is balanced.
 DELAY OFFENSE

TEAM BENCH TEAM BENCH

L
O O
L X X When teams go to a spread or
delay officials MUST go to new
positions on floor
When offensive
player drives to
X O T
basket, L should
cut corner to
observe action
and get the
angle. X COVERAGE FOR THE
X O “DELAY” OR “FOUR
O CORNER”
T OFFENSE.

Lead & Trail are in proper

position for a normal
frontcourt offense
FREE THROW LINEUPS
Free Throw Lineup
 Team B (team without the ball) must be located above two
lower block
 (New Rule 08-09)

 Lane area from the end line to, and including, the neutral zone
marks shall remain vacant

 Maximum 4 Defensive and 2 Offensive on lane line

 All other players

 Above the 3 point line
 Above the FT lane line
Table
T
Maximum Line up
Configuration

A
B

A
A C
Bench

B B

A A

B B

L
Table
T Team A vacates the lane

A C
Bench

B B

B B

L
Table
T
Team B vacates
lane spaces

A C
Bench

A A

B B

L
Table
T Team B must occupy
first lane spaces

A C
Bench

B B

L
Free Throw Lineup
 Team B (opponent of free thrower) must set up in the
first space (closest to basket allowed)

 If Team B does not set up on the first shot, then it is a

violation on Team B

 After violation on Team B, you have a technical foul

on Team B
Table FT Restrictions Ends
T
When Ball is in the Cylinder

A C
Bench

B B

A A

B B

L
FREE THROW RULES
Free Throw Rules
 10 Second Limit on thrower
 Free Throw Restrictions begin
 Ball is at the disposal of the thrower
 Free Throw Restrictions end
 When the ball is in the cylinder
 When the ball hits the backboard
Free Throw Rules
 Free Throw Restrictions involve
 Thrower
 Players on the Lane Line
 Players not on the Lane Line
Free Throw Rough Play
 Players must stay in their lane line

 Players cannot push to get better position

TWO PERSON
MECHANICS
Basic Mechanics
 Trail
 Always opposite table
 Signals to table what kind of FTs are awarded
 Has 10 Second count responsibility
 Aware of players not on the FT lane
 Chops in clock on rebounding action
 Close Down on shot attempt
Basic Mechanics
 Lead
 Always table side
 Signals to players what kind of FT has been awarded
 Administers all free throws
 Chops in clock after made FTs during throw in
Basic Free Throw Coverage
(New Rule Implementation)

Primary Coverage on Free Throw

 Trail/Center
 Has Free Throw Shooter
 First player closest to T/C and players on opposite lane line

 Lead
 First player closest to Lead and players opposite lane line
Table T 2008-2009
Rule Coverage
Responsibility

A T/C
Bench

B B

A A

B B

L
THREE PERSON
MECHANICS
Basic Mechanics
 Center Official
 Always Opposite Table
 Has 10 Second Count
 “Chops” clock on missed free throw
 Rebounding responsibility
 Close Down on attempt
Basic Mechanics
 Lead Official
 Always Table Side
 Administers all Free Throws
 After made basket (and final Free Throw) is
responsible for “Chopping” Clock on throw in
 Rebounding responsibility
Basic Mechanics
 Trail Official
 Always Table Side
 Primarily responsible for substitutions
 Helps with all Free Throw coverage issues
 May have to watch players not on the Free Throw
Lane
 Also has rebounding responsibility
 Close Down on attempt
 Assist partners on coverage
Basic Mechanics
 All Officials (2 or 3 Officials)
 Knowing the correct amount of Free Throws awarded
 Making sure subs are properly entering the game
 Making sure all players are lined up properly
 If anything is wrong get it corrected before anything
is started
 Call Obvious Violations
 Know the clock status!!!
 T

Table 3 Person Coverage

A C
Bench

L
Table 2 Person Coverage

A T
Bench

L
FREE THROW
VIOLATIONS
Free Throw Violations
 10 seconds for thrower to shoot
 Free thrower and players on lane marked spaces
cannot fake to cause violation
 No disconcertion
 Enter or leave a marked lane space
 Free thrower shall not have either foot beyond the
vertical plane of the edge of the FT line which is
farther from the basket or the free throw semi-circle
Free Throw Violations
 A player not the FTer who does not occupy a marked lane
space, may not have either foot beyond the vertical plane of
the FT line extended and the 3 point line which is farthest
from the basket

 A player occupying a marked lane space may not have either

foot beyond the vertical plane of the outside edge of any lane
boundary or beyond the vertical edge of the space designated
by a neutral zone
Free Throw Violations
 Violations committed by:
 Free Thrower team
 First violation or only violation
 Play becomes dead immediately
 No FT can be awarded

 Second violation is ignored

Free Throw Violations
 Violations committed by:
 Opponents of Free throw team
 Commits first violation
 Play continues
 FT is successful violation is disregarded

 Second lane line violation is ignored

How to be a Good Official!!!
 Show up on time (15 minutes prior to your game
is on time)
 Dress properly
 Blow your whistle with some authority
 HUSTLE… HUSTLE… HUSTLE…
 Have fun, enjoy the game
 Communicate with your partners
 Ask questions and accept feedback
 Be loud and confident
Questions????