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Dynamics of Machines By: Dr.K.Srinivasan, Professor, AU-FRG Inst. For CAD/CAM, Anna University
Dynamics of Machines By: Dr.K.Srinivasan, Professor, AU-FRG Inst. For CAD/CAM, Anna University
By
Dr.K.SRINIVASAN,
Professor,
AU-FRG Inst. for CAD/CAM,
Anna University
and vehicles
• High speed
machine • flywheels • Impellers
tool spindles
Bearing 1 Bearing 2
Minimize vibration.
Unbalance due to
unequal distance of masses
. Types of Unbalance
Static Unbalance
Dynamic
Unbalance
STATIC BALANCING
(SINGLE PLANE BALANCING)
Single plane balancing
m3r3 2 y
m3 2
m2r2
m2
2
1
3 m1 x
bearing m1r1 2
m4 mb
m4r4 2
Graphical method of determination
magnitude and
Angular position of the balancing mass
m4r4 2
m3r3 2
b
m b r b 2
O m2r2 2
m1r1 2
= mb cos b
= mb sin b
magnitude ‘m b’ and position ‘b’ can be determined
by solving the above two equations.
Dynamic or "Dual-Plane" balancing
Statically balanced
2
mr but dynamically unbalanced
r
r
Brg A Brg B
l
m r 2
Load on each support Brg
due to unbalance = (m r 2 l)/ L
On an arbitrary plane C
Several masses revolving in different planes
Apply dynamic couple on the rotating shaft
Dynamic unbalance
Balancing of several masses rotating in different planes
A B C D
Fc
End view Fb
Fd
Fa
L M
Plane Mass Radius Force / 2, Dist. From Couple / 2
M r M r =F , ref plane Mrl =C
( kg) (cm) (kg. cm) l , (cm) (kg cm 2)
A Ma ra Mara -la -Mara la
L Ml rl Ml rl 0 0
(Ref.plane)
B Mb rb Mbrb lb Mbrb lb
C Mc rc Mcrc lc Mcrc lc
M Mm rm Mmrm d Mmrmd
D Md rd Mdrd ld Mdrdld
A B C D
Fm la
Fc
lb
lc
Fb
ld
Fa
Fl d
Fd
L, M
End view
Ref plane side view of the planes
Fc
Fm =?
Cc
Fd
Fb
Fc
Fa Cb Fm
Cd Ca
Fl=Ml rl Fb
F l =? Cm=Mmrmd Fa
20 cm
12.5 kg
ld End view
Ma
10 cm =100o =190 o
20 cm
12.5 kg
Md
ld
Ma
O
From the couple polygon,
Md ld = 2312 / 8 = 289 kg cm
d= 203o
From force polygon,
By measurement, 8 Md = 63.5 kg cm
8 Ma = 78.0 kg cm
Md = 7.94 kg
Ma = 9.75 kg
Bearing 1 Bearing 2
Chalk mark
Static balancing machines:
Thin disc
Signal from
Sine wave generator
Oscilloscope signal
During field balancing of thin disc using sine wave generator, the measured amplitude of vibration
without trial mass is 0.6 mm and its phase angle is 30o from the reference signal. With trail
mass attached, the amplitude is 1.0mm and its phase angle is 83o from the reference signal.
Determine the magnitude and position of the required balancing mass
Field balancing with 3-mass locations (without sine wave generator)
2A1
3
A A2
Mu r
X=
M [ {1- (/n)2}2 +{2(/n)}2] ½
180o
X
(Mur)
90o
1 2 3 0 1 /n 2 3
/n
voltmeter