ME8594 - D Y N A M I C S O F M A C H I N E S

U N I T- I I -B A L A N C I N G
(BALANCING O F R OTAT I N G M A S S E S )

By,
D r. S . S U R E S H ,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Jayalakshmi Institute of Technology.
 W HAT I S M E A N T BY B A L A N C I N G
 Balancing is the process of designing or modifying
machinery so that the unbalance is reduced to an
acceptable level and if possible is eliminated
entirely.
Different types of balancing

1. Balancing of rotating masses

I. Static balancing

II. Dynamic balancing

2. Balancing of reciprocating masses.

 BALANCING OF R O TAT I N G M A S S E S

Certain mass (m1) is attached to a rotating shaft

It exerts some centrifugal force

Bend the shaft and to produce vibrations

In order to prevent the effect of centrifugal force

Another mass (m2) is attached to the opposite

side of the shaft

centrifugal force of both the masses are made to

be equal and opposite.

rotating masses are balanced

 B A L A N C I N G O F R O TAT I N G M A S S E S

The following cases are important from

the subject point of view:

1. Balancing of a single rotating mass by a

single mass rotating in the same plane.

2. Balancing of a single rotating mass by two

masses rotating in different planes.

3. Balancing of
different

masses rotating in
the

same plane.

4. Balancing of different

masses rotating in

different planes.
 CASE 1

1) Balancing of a single rotating mass by a single mass

rotating in the same plane.

Let r1 = radius of rotation of the mass m1

m 1 = a disturbing mass attached to a shaft rotating at
ω rad/s.

Centrifugal force exerted by the mass m1 =

m2 = balancing mass

For complete balance = F C 1 = F C 2

 CASE 3

3. B A L A N C I N G OF S E V E R A L M A S S E S R OTAT I N G IN THE SAME PLANE

m 1 , m 2 , m3 and m4 = Magnitude of masses (Kg)

r 1 , r 2 , r3 and r4 = Radius of rotation (m)
θ1, θ2, θ3 and θ4 = angles of these masses with the horizontal line O X
ω = Constant angular velocity (rad/s).
The magnitude and position of the balancing mass may be found
out
analytically or graphically.

1. Analytical method

(i) Find out the centrifugal force

Fc = m . R

(ii)R esolve the centrifugal forces horizontally and vertically and

find their sums, i.e. ∑ H and ∑ V

∑ H = m 1 r 1 cos θ1 + m 2 r 2 cos θ2 + m 3 r 3 cos θ3

∑ V = m 1 r 1 sin θ1 + m 2 r 2 sin θ2 + m 3 r 3 sin θ3

(iii) Magnitude of the resultant centrifugal force
(iv)If θ is the angle, which the resultant force make
with the horizontal

tan θ = ∑ V / ∑ H

(v)The balancing force is then equal to the resultant

force, but in opposite direction.

(vi)Now find out the magnitude of the

balancing mass, such that
Example:
1. Four masses m1, m2, m3 and m4 are 200 kg, 300 kg, 240 kg and
260 kg respectively. The corresponding radii of rotation are 0.2 m,
0.15 m, 0.25 m and 0.3 m respectively and the angles between
successive masses are 45°, 75° and 135°. Find the position and
magnitude of the balance mass required, if its radius of rotation is
0.2 m.
Given Data:
m 1 = 200 kg ; m 2 = 300 kg ; m 3 = 240 kg ; m 4 = 260 kg ;
r1 = 0.2 m ;r2= 0.15 m ; r3 = 0.25 m ; r4= 0.3 m ;
θ1 = 0° ;
θ2 = 45° ;
θ3 = 45° + 75° = 120° ;
θ4 = 45° + 75°+ 135° = 255° ;
r = 0.2 m

To find:
Magnitude and position of the balance mass (m & θ)
S O LU T I O N :
 Magnitude of centrifugal forces

1. Analytical method
 Resolving m 1 .r 1 , m 2 .r 2 , m 3.r3 and m 4.r4 horizontally,
= m 1 r1 cos θ1 + m2 r2 cos θ2 + m 3 r3 cos θ3

 Resolving m 1 .r 1 , m 2 .r 2 , m3.r 3 and m 4.r 4 vertically,

= m 1 r1 sin θ1 + m2 r2 sin θ2 + m3 r3 sin θ3
 Resultant centrifugal force

=
We know
that ...
R

=
m = 116 kg Ans.
 m
Direction of Resultant force
.
r

=
 Angle of the balancing mass from the horizontal mass of 200 kg
2
3
.
2 θ = 201.48° Ans.
 Graphical Method
1. Draw the space diagram showing the positions of all the given
masses as shown in Fig.

Space diagram

2. Centrifugal force of each mass

3. Draw the vector diagram with the above values, to some suitable scale

Space Diagram Vector Diagram

Measurement from Vector diagram

Find that ae = Resultant Force = 23 kg-m

Balancing force is equal to resultant force but

opposite in direction

Scale: 1 cm: 10 kg.m

 CASE 4

4. B A L A N C I N G O F D I F F E R E N T M A S S E S ROTAT I N G
IN D I F F E R E N T P L A N E S
 In order to have a complete balance of the several revolving masses in
different planes, the following two conditions must be satisfied :

1. The forces in the reference plane must balance,

i.e. the resultant force must be zero.

2. The couples about the reference plane must balance,

i.e. the resultant couple must be zero.

C A S E 4. B A L A N C I N G O F D I F F E R E N T M A S S E S ROTAT ING I N D I F F E R E N T P L A N E S

Position of planes of the masses Angular position of the masses

m 1, m 2, m 3 & m 4 = Revolving in planes 1, 2, 3 and 4

m L &m M
= Balancing masses in the plane M and N

Rp = Reference Plane
 C A S E 4- Balancing of different masses rotating in different planes
EXAMPLE 1
A shaft carries four masses A, B, C and D of magnitude 200 kg, 300 kg, 400 kg and 200 kg
respectively and revolving at radii 80 mm, 70 mm, 60 mm and 80 mm in planes measured from A at
300 mm, 400 mm and 700 mm. The angles between the cranks measured anticlockwise are A to B
45°, B to C 70° and C to D 120°. The balancing masses are to be placed in planes X and Y. The
distance between the planes A and X is 100 mm, between X and Y is 400 mm and between Y and D is
200 mm. If the balancing masses revolve at a radius of 100 mm, find their magnitudes and angular
positions.
Given data: To find
m A = 200 kg , r A = 80 mm (i) Magnitude of Balancing masses (m X , m Y )
m B = 300 kg, r B = 70 mm (ii) Angular positions of Balancing masses

m = 400 kg, r C = 60 mm (θX , θY)

C

m D = 200 kg, r D = 80
mm
Solution:

Cent . Force Distance from Couple

Plane Mass (m) Radius (r)
(Fc=m.r) RP (l) (m) (m.r.l)
(Kg) (m)
(kg.m) (Kg.m 2 )

A 200 0.08 16 -0.1 -1.6

X (RP) m 0.1 0.1 m 0 0

X X

B 300 0.07 21 0.2 4.2

C 400 0.06 24 0.3 7.2

Y m 0.1 0.1 m 0.4 0.04 m

Y Y Y

D 200 0.08 16 0.6 9.6

• Couple Polygon

Scale:
1 cm = 1 kg.m 2

By measurement from couple polygon Angular position of m Y

| | 2
0.04 m = Vector d o = 7.3 Kg-m
Y
 Force Polygon

Scale:
1 cm = 5 kg.m

By measurement from force polygon Angular position of m X