SENTEN

CES
Topics
1. Sentence Construction Rules
2. Parts of A Sentence
3. Sentence Pattern
4. Kinds of Sentence According to
Functions/Purpose
Sentence Construction
Rules
 Sentence- A group of words that expresses a
thorough idea by giving a statement/order, or
asking a question, or exclaiming
Elements of a Good Sentence
A good sentence begins with a capital letter and contains an end
mark.
It must also contain at least one main clause with an independent
subject and a verb that expresses a complete thought.
The sentence must contain a subject and a predicate.
Example:
1.reviews in the Times are often quoted
Correct: Reviews in the Times are often quoted.
2. They prepared food to use during the winter .
SUBJECT
The subject of the sentence is what (or whom) the sentence is about.
• Simple Subject-only who or what is “doing” the verb, without
any modifiers
• My brother throws him the ball.
• The mangy old dog limped down the alley.

• Complete Subject- all of the words that tell whom or what a

sentence discusses
• My brother throws him the ball.
• The mangy old dog limped down the alley.
 PREDICATE
The part of a sentence that tells
what the subject is doing or what
the subject is.
Example: My brother throws him the ball.
My brother throws him the ball.
 Activity #1

A. Rewrite the following sentences. Observe proper capitalization and punctuation.

1. essays, short stories, articles, and novels are examples of prose
2. prose does not follow any rhyming scheme
3. poetry follows a rhythm and sometimes uses a rhyming scheme
4. what are some of the effective ways of writing a poem
5. is it important to have the knowledge about prose and poetry
B. Underline the simple subject and circle the simple predicate
1. Peter always shows bravery when confronted with adversities.
2. The family stays together despite the many obstacles.
3. We are the living witnesses of how great our God is.
4. Life is a journey that people must value.
5. The recent inventions teach us to give importance to the past
and the present.
 Activity #1

A. Rewrite the following sentences. Observe proper capitalization and punctuation.

1. Essays, short stories, articles, and novels are examples of prose.
2. Prose does not follow any rhyming scheme.
3. Poetry follows a rhythm and sometimes uses a rhyming scheme.
4. What are some of the effective ways of writing a poem?
5. Is it important to have the knowledge about prose and poetry?
B. Underline the simple subject and circle the simple predicate
1. Peter always shows bravery when confronted with adversities.
2. The family stays together despite the many obstacles.
3. We are the living witnesses of how great our God is.
4. Life is a journey that people must value.
5. The recent inventions teach us to give importance to the past
and the present.
Parts of a Sentence
SUBJECT
The subject of the sentence is
what (or whom) the sentence
is about.
Example: My brother throws him the ball.
My brother throws him the ball.
 PREDICATE
The part of a sentence that tells
what the subject is doing or what
the subject is.
Example: My brother throws him the ball.
My brother throws him the ball.
COMPLEMENT
A word or group of words that
completes the predicate of the
sentence.
 KINDS OF COMPLEMENT
1. Direct Objects
• Noun or pronoun that receives or shows
the result of an action.
• Answers the question “what”? or “whom”?
• Follows an action verb

Her poem won an award.

Ask yourself “poem won what”?
2. Indirect Objects

• Noun or pronoun that is before the DO and

tells “to whom” or “for whom”
• Follows an action verb
• You can’t have an IO without a DO
Sam sold me the football tickets.
(ask yourself “sold tickets to whom”?)
3. Objective Complements
• Noun or adjective that comes with DO and
either describes or rename it.
• To know whether a word is an objective
compliment, one could say the verb and DO,
and then ask “What?”
Jane made her sister happy.
(Jane made her sister what? Happy)
4. Predicate Nominatives
• Noun or pronoun that explains or identifies
the subject.
• Follows a linking verb
Angela will be our soloist.
A whale is a mammal.
• You should be able to reverse the subject
with the predicate nominative.
Angela is our soloist. Our soloist is Angela.
5. Predicate Adjectives
• An adjective that modifies the subject of
the sentence.
• Follows a linking verb
The soup is too hot.
The plant looks dry.

• If the subject is a noun, then you should be

able to put the predicate adjective in front
of the subject.
The man is sunburned. The sunburned
man…
 e n c e
e n t
s i c S s
B a t e r n
Pa t
1. Subject – Intransitive Verb
(S-IV)

Maria cooperated voluntarily.

S IV
 Examples of S-IV

• I wrote legibly.
• He prays everyday.
• Students should study every night.
• She reads silently.
 2. Subject – Transitive Verb-
Direct Object (ST-TV-DO)

The students helped the barangay.

S
TV DO
 Examples of S-TV-DO

• Someone ate my sandwich.

• The campers fear the bears.
• The board showed their approval.
• I played the piano.
 3. Subject-Transitive Verb-
Indirect Object-Direct Object (S-
TV-IO-DO)
Liza gave the children gifts.

S
TV IO
DO
Examples of S-TV-IO-DO

• Mom will paint Gabriel a picture.

• He will give Mrs. Perez the message.
• I teach the students English.
• Pearl sent Tom a book.
4. Subject-Transitive Verb-Direct
Object-Objective Complement
(S-TV-DO-OC)
He called the cashier beautiful.

S
TV DO
OC
Examples of S-TV-DO-OC

• The class elected Nadine president.

• The child made her mother happy.
• Many people find martial arts
challenging.
• Some pet owners consider their dogs
their children.
 4. Subject-Linking Verb-
Predicate Nominative
(S-LV-PN)
Teachers are our second parents.

S
LV PN
Examples of S-LV-PN

• Anne is the boss.

• Whales and sharks are mammals.
• The girl should be the captain.
• Philippines is the “Pearl of the Orien
Seas.”
5. Subject-Linking Verb-
Predicate Adjective
(S-LV-PA)
Her pies are very sweet.

S
LV PA
 Examples of S-LV-PA

• His behavior has been outrageous.

• Niña is so beautiful.
• That garbage on the street smells bad.
• The man was very accommodating.
 Activity #3

A. Label the parts of the sentences below to identify its pattern.

Example: I cooked a pancake. S-TV-DO
1. The driver showed the policeman his driving license.
2. My father brought me a birthday cake last week.
3. His friend named him “master”. 
4.  The policemen were strong.
5.  My little sister admire Dora the Explorer.
6. Tour de France ends in Paris.
7. My best friend, Alexa, is beautiful and kind.
8. The Grade 8 students have solved some Mathematics
problems.
9. The writing workshop is fun and exciting.
10.Mary ate two bowls of cereal quickly.
 Activity #3

A. Label the parts of the sentences below to identify its pattern.

Example: I cooked a pancake. S-TV-DO
1. The driver showed the policeman his driving license. S-TV-IO-DO
2. My father brought me a birthday cake last week. S-TV-IO-DO
3. His friend named him “master”. S-TV-DO-OC
4.  The policemen were strong. S-LV-PA
5.  My little sister admire Dora the Explorer. S-TV-DO
6. Tour de France ends in Paris. S-IV
7. My best friend, Alexa, is beautiful and kind. S-LV-PA
8. The Grade 8 students have solved some Mathematics problems. S-TV-DO
9. The writing workshop is fun and exciting. S-LV-PA
10.Mary ate two bowls of cereal quickly. S-TV-DO
Sentence Functions
Functions of Sentence
I. Declarative

II. Imperative

III. Exclamatory

IV. Interrogative
I. Declarative
• A declarative sentence makes a
statement.
• It is punctuated by a period.
Example: The dog in the neighbor’s yard
is barking.
II. Imperative
• An imperative sentence is a command
or polite request.
• It ends in a period or exclamation
mark.
Examples: Close the door. (command)
Please be quiet.(polite request)
III. Exclamatory

• An exclamatory sentence expresses

great emotion or excitement.
• It ends in an exclamation mark.
Example: The house is on fire!
IV. Interrogative

• An interrogative sentence asks a

question.
• It ends in a ? mark.
Example: Is it raining?
 Activity #3

A. Identify the type of sentence used in each statement.

1. Meet me at eight o'clock in front of the library.
2. Why are you so worried about the result of your exam?
3. Don't close your mind to the other side of the question.
4. Anne wants to be a doctor in the future.
5. I can't believe the vacation is over!
6. Do you attend concerts given by the Philippine Philharmonic Orchestra ?
7. Ouch! I burned my finger!
8. Please set the table for dinner.
9. Don't you ever get tired of playing online games?
10.I wish I could go to Boracay this summer.
 Activity #3

A. Identify the type of sentence used in each statement.

1. Meet me at eight o'clock in front of the library. (Imperative)
2. Why are you so worried about the result of your exam? (Interrogative)
3. Don't close your mind to the other side of the question. (Imperative)
4. Anne wants to be a doctor in the future. (Declarative)
5. I can't believe the vacation is over! (Exclamatory)
6. Do you attend concerts given by the Philippine Philharmonic Orchestra ?
(Interrogative)
7. Ouch! I burned my finger! (Exclamatory)
8. Please set the table for dinner. (Imperative)
9. Don't you ever get tired of playing online games? (Interrogative)
10.I wish I could go to Boracay this summer. (Declarative)
KINDS OF
SENTENCE
According to Structure
SIMPLE SENTENCE

consists of only one

independent clause
containing a subject and a
verb and it expresses
complete thought.
Example:

He laughed.
She ate an apple.
They are sleeping.
I bought a book.
COMPOUND SENTENCE
A compound sentence consists of
at least two independent
clauses.
It is joined by coordinating
conjunctions or semi-colon.
e.g.

I like an apple, but my brother likes a

mango.
 I helped him and he became happy.
 He failed two times, yet he is not
disappointed.
 I asked him a question; he replied
correctly.
COMPLEX SENTENCE

A complex sentence consists of

one independent clause and at
least one dependent clause.
It is joined by subordinating
conjunction.
e.g.

I met the boy who had helped

me.
She is wearing a shirt which
looks nice.
You can’t pass the test
unless you study for it.
 REMEMBER

•If a complex sentence begins with an

independent clause, a comma is not
used between clauses in a complex
sentence.
•If a complex sentence begins with
dependent clause, then a comma is use
after dependent clause in a complex
sentence.
EXAMPLE

He is playing well although he

is ill.
Although he is ill, he is playing
well.
COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE

consists
of at least two
independents and one or more
dependent clauses.
EXAMPLE

He went to college, and I went

to a market where I bought a
book.
I like Mathematics, but my
brother likes Biology because
he wants to be a doctor.
 Activity #4

Identify whether the sentences are simple, complex, compound or compound-

complex. Please underline dependent clauses where it applies.

1. Vampires Dairies is my favorite television show, but I also love True

Blood.
2. The student wiped the white board that was filthy with last week’s notes.
3. The trendy fashion designer released her new line on Wednesday.
4. Trina and Hareem went to a bar in Hollywood to celebrate their
anniversary.
5. While waiting for the paint to dry, Angela went to Home Depot, and
Martin organized the kitchen appliances.