Spermatogenesis

And Oogenesis 

                 Asim
20PH09
• Spermatogenesis 

•Definition-
Spermatogenesis is the
process by which the male
gametes called
spermatozoa (Sperms) are
formed from the primitive
spermatogenic cells
(spermatogonia) in the
testis

•-Spermatogenesis occurs
in the seminiferous
tubules of the testis
•STAGES OF
SPERMATOGENESIS

•spermatogenesis occurs in
four stages:

•1.Stages of Proliferation
•2.Stage of growth 
•3.Stage of maturation
•4.Sage of transformation
1. Stage of Proliferation

- Each spermatogonium contains diploid number (23

pairs) of chromosomes

- The 23 pairs includes 22 pairs of autosomal

chromosomes and one pair of sex chromosome

- Spermatogonia divides by mitosis to convert into

primary spermatocyte

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•Follicle-Stimulating
hormone 

•It is responsible for the

initiation of
spermatogenesis

•-It binds with sertoli cells

and spermatogonia and
induces the proliferation
of spermatogonia
•  2. Stage of growth

•- The primary
Spermatocyte grows into
a large cell

•- Testosterone, Growth
hormone is essential for
this stage
 • 3. Maturation phase

• - Primary Spermatocyte quickly undergoes meiotic division, which occurs in two

phase

• i. First Phase
• - Each Primary Spermatocyte divides into two secondary Spermatocytes.
• - Each Spermatocyte receives only the haploid number of or half the number of
chromosomes

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•ii. Second phase

•- Each Secondary
Spermatocyte undergoes
second meiotic division.

•- Two smaller cells

called spermatid are
formed.

•-Each spermatid has

haploid number of
chromosomes.
 •  4. Transformation
Phase

•- No further Division
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•- Spermatid are
transformed into matured
spermatozoa (Sperms) by
means of spermiogenesis
•Oogenesis

•Definition- The
process of formation
and maturation of
primary egg cell (ova)
from ovary is called
Oogenesis

•-Ova is formed from

primordial cells of
ovary
STAGES OF OOGENESIS

Oogenesis consists of three phases 

1. Proliferative or Multiplication phase

2. Growth phase

3. Maturation phase
 •  Proliferative/Multiplication
Phase

• Primordial cells undergo mitosis.

• Oogonia or egg mother cell are

formed.

• The oogonia increase in cell size

and differentiates primary oocyte.

• Each primary Oocyte is

surrounded by flattened epithelial
cells called as Follicular Cells

• The oogonia have diploid, number

of chromosomes (46)
•Growth Phase 

•During the growth phase, tremendous

changes also occur in the nucleus of the
primary oocyte.

•The oogonium nurtures into bigger

primary oocytes.

•The cytoplasm of the oocyte becomes

rich in RNA, DNA, ATP and enzymes.

•Each primary oocyte gets surrounded by

a granulosa cells layer to create primary
follicle.
•Maturation Phase

•Primary oocyte undergoes meiosis-I

• It changes into secondary Oocyte and primary

polar body is formed

•Secondary Oocyte and first polar body have

haploid number of chromosomes

•It proceeds with meiosis-II but stops metaphase-II

•It Forms a large cell the ootid, and a very small

cell the second polar body

•The ootid and second polar body are haploid 

•The ootid grows into a functional haploid ovum

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