Introduction to AI Fundamentals

Introduction to
Artificial Intelligence
CHAPTER 1
Introduction to
GOALS OF THIS COURSE
On taking this course you should be

able to
Understand the role of basic
• Knowledge representation
• Problem solving
• Learning methods of AI
In learning AI intelligent systems
Introduction to
Textbooks
Artificial Intelligence A modern approach

2nd Edition
Stuart Russel & Peter Norving
Artificial Intelligence: A New Synthesis

Nils J. Nilsson
Morgan Kaufman Publishers
Introduction to
COURSE OBJECTIVES
To introduce you the field of Artificial

Intelligence
To explain the challenges inherent in
building an “intelligent systems”
To explain the
Key paradigms
Core techniques
Algorithms
Introduction to
LECTURE 1: INTRODUCTION
Definition of AI
Example systems
Introduction to
What is AI?
Is concerned with the design of

intelligence in an artificial design
Term coined by McCarthy in 1956

Introduction to
Definitions of AI
Artificial Intelligence is concerned with

the design of intelligence in an artificial
device.
What is intelligence?
Humans?
Behave as intelligently as a human
Behave in a best possible manner
Thinking?
Acting?
Introduction to
Definitions of AI
Thought processes/reasoning vs behaviour?

Human-like performance vs ideal performance
Introduction to
Definitions of AI
Thought/Reasoning
Human-like Ideal performance

Performance (Rationality)
Behaviour
Introduction to
Definitions of AI
Thought/Reasoning
System that System that

think like think like
humans rationally
Human-like Ideal performance
Performance (Rationality)
System that System that
act like act rationally
humanly
Behaviour
Introduction to
The Turing Test
Introduction to
The Turing Test
Introduction to
The Turing Test
The Turing Test: Result
If the interrogator cannot reliably

distinguish the human from the computer
Then the computer does posses

(artificial) intelligence
Introduction to
Typical AI Problems
Intelligent entities “agents” need to be

able to do both “mundane” and “expert”
tasks:
Mundane tasks:
Planning route
Recognizing people, objects
Communicating (through natural language)
Navigating obstacles on the streets
Introduction to
Typical AI Problems
Intelligent entities “agents” need to be

able to do both “mundane” and “expert”
tasks:
Expert tasks:
Medical diagnosis
Mathematical problem solving
Introduction to
What’s easy and what’s hard?
It has been very hard to mechanize tasks

that lots of animals can do
Walking around without running into things.
Interpreting complex sensory information
Modeling the internal states of other animal
from their behaviour.
Introduction to
Intelligent Behaviour
Perception
Reasoning
Learning
Understanding language
Solving problems
Introduction to
LECTURE 1: INTRODUCTION
Definition of AI
Example systems
Introduction to
Practical Impact of AI
AI components are embedded in

numerous devices e.g. copy machines.
AI systems are in everyday use
Detecting credit card fraud
Configuring products
Aiding complex planning tasks
Advising physicians
Introduction to
Intelligent tutoring systems provide

students with personalized attention.
Introduction to
Autonomous Land Vehicle In a Neural Network
Introduction to
Deep Blue
1997: The Deep Blue chess program beats the world

chess champion, Gary Kasparov, in a widely followed
match.
Introduction to
Machine Translation
Meanwhile, the US military is giving a simpler

one-way translation device….US forces are
using the Phraselator to communicate with
injured Iraqis, prisoners of war, travellers at
checkpoints, and for other peacekeeping
duties.
Carnegie Melon university is working on its own

“Speechlator” for use doctor-patient interviews
Introduction to
Autonomous Agents
In space exploration, robotic space probes

autonomously monitor their surroundings, make
decisions and act to achieve their goals.
Introduction to
Autonomous Agents
NASA successfully landed its new robotic rover

on Mars Thursday, a mission to directly study if
there was ever life on the planet.
NASA sent $2.7 billion robotic explorer named

Perseverance carries a sophisticated set of
scientific tools that will bring advanced
capabilities to the search for life beyond our
planet.
Introduction to
Autonomous Agents
Perseverance was the third robotic visitor from

Earth to arrive at the red planet this month.
Last week, two other spacecraft, Hope from the

United Arab Emirates and Tianwen-1 from
China, entered orbit around Mars.
Introduction to
Autonomous Agents
Introduction to
Autonomous Agents
Introduction to
Autonomous Agents
Introduction to
Autonomous Agents
Search and Destroy: Students Build a Robotic

System to Find and Safely Detonate Landmines
Students at Worcester Polytechnic Institute

(WPI) are developing an autonomous rover that
working with a drone, they work together to
search for and detonate landmines.
Each year, landmines kill or injure 15,000 to
20,000 people worldwide
Introduction to
Autonomous Agents
Introduction to
Internet Agents
The explosive growth of the internet has also

led to growing interest in internet agents to
 Monitor users’ tasks
 Seek needed information
 Learn which information is most useful

Introduction to
Internet Agents
So what is internet agents?

An intelligent agent (IA) is a self-contained,
autonomous software that could perform certain
tasks on behalf of its users.
Introduction to
Internet Agents
Intelligent agents are currently used for a

variety of tasks such as:
 Personal assistan
 Scheduling meetings
 Manufacturing operations
 Electronic business
 Online shopping
 Decision making
 Design
 Telecommunications.
Introduction to
Internet Agents
Intelligent agents are among the most

prospective new software breeds.
Intelligent agents represents a marriage

between AI, intelligent systems and information
society.
Introduction to
THAT IS ALL FOR TODAY…

ANY QUESTION?

Introduction to AI Fundamentals

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Introduction to

On taking this course you should be

Artificial Intelligence A modern approach

Artificial Intelligence: A New Synthesis

To introduce you the field of Artificial

Is concerned with the design of

Term coined by McCarthy in 1956

Artificial Intelligence is concerned with

Thought processes/reasoning vs behaviour?

Human-like Ideal performance

System that System that

The Turing Test: Result

If the interrogator cannot reliably

Then the computer does posses

Intelligent entities “agents” need to be

Intelligent entities “agents” need to be

It has been very hard to mechanize tasks

AI components are embedded in

Intelligent tutoring systems provide

1997: The Deep Blue chess program beats the world

Meanwhile, the US military is giving a simpler

Carnegie Melon university is working on its own

In space exploration, robotic space probes

NASA successfully landed its new robotic rover

NASA sent $2.7 billion robotic explorer named

Perseverance was the third robotic visitor from

Last week, two other spacecraft, Hope from the

Search and Destroy: Students Build a Robotic

Students at Worcester Polytechnic Institute

The explosive growth of the internet has also

 Monitor users’ tasks

 Seek needed information

 Learn which information is most useful

So what is internet agents?

Intelligent agents are currently used for a

Intelligent agents are among the most

Intelligent agents represents a marriage

THAT IS ALL FOR TODAY…

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