GURU GHASIDAS VISHWAVIDYALAYA

BILASPUR, (C.G.)

Academic session :- 2020-2021

PRESENTATION ON
TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL PEST CONTROL

PRESENTED TO PRESENTED BY
DR. RASHMI AGARWAL NISHTHA AWASTHI
DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY, M.Sc. FORESTRY 1ST SEMESTER
GGV ENROLLMENT NO. :- GGV/16/6243

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY, WILDLIFE & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF DISEASE AND PEST

 Biological control is a method of restricting effects of harmful

animals, pathogens and plants using other useful organisms, e.g.
microorganisms, insects and plants that inhibit the harmful
organisms.

 In simple words it is the Use of natural enemies to help manage

pests .

 This is done by the help of three P’s that is Predators, pathogen

and parasites
 TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL PEST
CONTROL
 Basically there are three types of biological
pest control method:-
1. Importation.
2. Augmentation.
3. Conservation.
 IMPORTATION
  Reuniting pests with their natural enemies often provides
the most dramatic and sustainable method of suppressing
them. The importation of such natural enemies is classic
biological control.
 Importation involves introduction pest’s natural enemies to
a new locale where they do not occur naturally.
 It is also called classical biological control.
 Classical biological control is long lasting and inexpensive.
 Other than the initial cost of collection importation and
earring little expense is incurred.
 Then on natural enemy is successfully established it really
requires additional input and it continues to kill the best with
no direct but from human and at no cost.
 However importation does not always work it usually most
effective against exotic best and less so against native insect
pest.
 The reason for failure are not often known but may include
the release of two individual, poor adaptation of natural
enemy to environmental condition at the release location,
and lack of synchrony between the lifecycle of natural enemy
and host pest.
 AUGMENTATION
• The release of natural enemies (predators, parasites and
pathogens) to control pests is a type of biological control
called augmentation.
• This approach uses commercially available species that are
applied in a timely manner to prevent population increases,
or to suppress a pest population.
• Natural enemies can be released all at once or over time to
suppress pests or keep their numbers low. Also, the
environment can be enhanced to favor natural enemies. 
 Itdiffers from classical biocontrol in that releases are
continually made and the natural enemies may be native or
exotic species.
 Periodic releases of natural enemies may be necessary when
existing natural enemies fail to colonize the pest habitat each
season, colonize the habitat too late, or otherwise fail to
attain numbers sufficient to control the pest.
 Types of augmentative releases range from seasonal
inoculative releases, in which the released natural enemies
serve to inoculate a new crop and control is provided later by
offspring of the released natural enemies, to inundative
releases, in which all control is provided by the released
natural enemies themselves.
 Natural enemies used in augmentative release programs are
usually purchased from commercial companies. 
 CONSERVATION
 Conservation biological control is the implementation of
practices that maintain and enhance the reproduction,
survival, and efficacy of natural enemies (predators,
parasitoids, and pathogens) of pests.
 Natural enemies are important in regulating populations of
many agricultural and forest insect pests.
 Approaches to conservation of these natural enemies involve
avoidance of practices harmful to them, as well as adoption
of practices that benefit them.
 Like other animals, insect natural enemies require food,
water, and shelter, and protection from adverse conditions.
 To achieve the goals of conservation biological control,
fundamental knowledge of the biology and requirements of
natural enemies is needed.
 Pesticides kill beneficial predators, parasites and pathogens
as well as pests, and can cause outbreaks of secondary pests
or rapid resurgence of pests that were initially suppressed.
Using non-chemical control methods, or pesticides which kill
only the target pest, protects natural enemies.
 Some easily seen predators are spiders, lacewings, lady
beetles, ground beetles, rove beetles, syrphid flies, flower
flies, hover flies, true bugs (including minute pirate bugs,
big-eyed bugs and damsel bugs), predatory mites and even
fire ants. However, many important natural enemies are
rarely seen, such as parasitic wasps and flies, nematodes and
pathogenic bacteria and fungi.
 ADVANTAGES OF BIOLOGICAL PEST
CONTROL METHOD
 Once the cost of testing and introducing control agents has been met, the on-
going costs are small.
 In most cases, there is no need to find and identify every individual weed to
be treated. An effective agent will search out all suitable plants of the weed.
 Biological control has no adverse effect on human health or the environment.
 Biological control is self-sustaining. Once the initial research work has been
completed and the biological control agents released, little or no further
money is required.
 Unlike certain herbicides, development of host resistance is not normally a
problem.
 Biological control is compatible with most other control techniques (except
sometimes the use of insecticides and herbicides).
 Biological control reduces the vigour, competitiveness and reproductive
capacity of the weed, making it more manageable.
 It can provide a long-term solution to a pest problem
 DISADVANTAGES OF BIOLOGICAL PEST
CONTROL METHOD
• Biological control agents are expensive to find. The greatest
expense is during the field survey and early testing stage
which must be conducted overseas.
• Suitable agents may not even exist.
• Potential agents are also expensive to test for specificity. Host
specificity testing may take several years to complete because
of the need for thoroughness (however, herbicides often take
as long and cost even more to develop).
• Biological control can never eradicate a pest organism
completely, because if the control agent reduces the pest
population too far, it destroys its own food source.
• Biological control operates over large areas.
 The introduced species may have unknown ecological effects,
and even become a pest itself. e.g. the cane toad and the
harlequin ladybird.
 The pest can remain in small numbers and to keep its
damage to a level which is not economically damaging,
frequent input is needed to maintain a population balance
between predator and prey.
 
 
THANK YOU