“Correlation between the Effects of Smartphone

Addiction and Interaction Anxiety among Nursing

Students of Jose Rizal Memorial State University”

AMORA, ELIZABETH S. College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences

CAGATAN, JUSTINE MALOU Z. JOSE RIZAL MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY
PROVIDO, PRINCESS T. The Premier University in Zamboanga del Norte
RUDAS, KESSA MARIE E. Main Campus, Dapitan City
 
Background

 The Philippines is “the fastest-growing smartphone market in Southeast Asia”

and adolescents and young adults aged 16–24 years constitute “the largest
chunk” of smartphone owners in the country.

 Smartphone addiction refers to dependency, excessive and uncontrolled use of

the smartphone.

 Social interaction anxiety is an excessive fear of social situations or interactions

with others, and being evaluated or scrutinized by other people, particularly
when encountering strangers in public settings. Schlenker and Leary (1982)
Background

 The purpose of this study is to provide a better understanding of the current

situation of smartphone usage behavior, smartphone addiction, and interaction
anxiety among Nursing students. This study attempts to describe the
relationship between nursing students’ smartphone addiction and interaction
anxiety based on an analysis of the characteristics of smartphone usage.
Synthesis and Gap Analysis

 The previous literatures and studies mentioned was the common topic if there is a
relationship between smartphone addiction and interaction anxiety. As stated,
excessive use of smartphones paired with negative attitude and feeling of anxiety
and dependency on gadgets may increase the risk of anxiety and
depression( Rosen et al.2019). Literatures and studies provides facts. All literature
and studies reviewed had significant similarities with the study since mostly we
discussed related concepts as evidently presented in the latter portion.
 Theories

 Uses and Gratifications Theory (UGT) by Blumler (1979)

- a long-standing mass communications theory pro- posing that people have
diverse needs that they wish to satisfy through the use of different types of media.

 Compensatory Internet Use Theory (CIUT) by Kardefelt-Winther (2014)

- assumes that after experiencing stressful life events, many people attempt to
reduce their resulting negative emotion by engaging in excessive internet use
(such as problematic smartphone use).
Theories

Theoretical Model of Problematic Smartphone Use and Anxiety Symptoms

Anxiety – Related Trans

diagnostics factors:

• Social Isolation Increased Problematic

Anxiety • Fear of Missing Out Smartphone Smartphone Use

• Boredom Proness
Use Frequency
• Rumination
Schema of the Study

Effects on the Nursing

Students’ Interaction
Smartphone
Anxiety in terms of
Addiction
  their profile:
• Age
• Gender
• Year level
• Smartphone Usage
 
Statement of the Problem

This study attempts to describe the relationship between nursing students’ smartphone
addiction and interaction anxiety based on an analysis of the characteristics of smartphone usage.
The central research questions are:
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of;
a) Age;
b) Gender;
c) Year level;
d) Smartphone usage
2. Is there a significant relationship with smartphone addiction to the nursing students’ interaction
anxiety in terms of demographic profile?
Statement of the Problem

3. What are the current characteristics of smartphone usage, behavior and

smartphone addiction among nursing students?

4. Is the nursing students currently experiencing smartphone addiction?

Hypothesis

Ho1- There is no significant relationship between the smartphone addiction and the

interaction anxiety of nursing students.

Research Methodology

 The quantitative descriptive correlational design is used in this research.

 This will be conducted through online survey with the used of social media platforms such
as; Messenger and Google Form.

 The respondents of the study are Bachelor of Science in Nursing students from the
College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences of Jose Rizal Memorial State University,
Main Campus; stratified random sampling technique.
Table 1. Research Respondents Distribution

LEVEL POPULATION PERCENTAGE SAMPLE

RESPONDENTS

BSN 1 187 30.21% 73

BSN 2 207 33.44% 81

BSN 3 195 31.50% 77

BSN 4 30 4.85% 12

TOTAL 619 100.00% 243

Research Instrument

 The researchers will be utilizing an adopted standardized questionnaire.

 Likert Scale will be used to gauge the perception of the respondents towards the Smartphone
addiction and Interaction anxiety. It is ranging from one (Strongly Disagree) to five (Strongly Agree).

Scoring Procedure Table

Research Instrument

 Cronbach's alpha is a measure to be used to assess the reliability, or internal consistency, of a set of
scale or questionnaire.

Reliability test of the two scales

Variable Items Cronbach’s Alpha Value
Smartphone Addiction Scale 33 0.96
(SAS)
Liebowitz Social Anxiety 24 0.971
Scale (LSAS)

Source:

Kwon, M. et al. (2013). The Smartphone Addiction Scale: Development and Validation of a Short Version for Adolescents. https://

www.researchgate.net/publication/259589326_The_Smartphone_Addiction_Scale_Development_and_Validation_of_a_Short_Version_for_Adolescent
Liebowitz, M. (2016) Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. https://nationalsocialanxietycenter.com/liebowitz-sa-scale/

 
Statistical Treatment

Percentage and Frequency Count. It will be used to determine the profile of the respondents.

Weighted Arithmetic Mean. It will be employed to determine the level of Smartphone addiction

and Interaction anxiousness of the respondents.

Spearman Rank-Order Correlation Coefficient. It will be used in testing significant relationship

between smartphone addiction and level of interaction anxiousness among respondents.

Data Gathering Procedure

 The researchers will provide a request letter to the College Nursing and Allied Health Sciences Dean
for the approval in gathering the data for our respondents will be the Nursing students.

 Administering the questionnaire through the use of social media platform and give the respondents
24 hours to answer.
Ethical Consideration
 The researchers provide an Informed Consent to the respondents which follows a detailed
explanation of procedures, description of risks, benefits reasonably to be expected, an offer of
inquiry regarding the procedures, and an instruction that the person is free to withdraw at any point
in the study.
 A caution message will be presented to the participant indicating that if they feel any stress, the
study is to be discontinued.
 The data collected will be anonymously and will be maintained on personal, secured computer with
no identification to a specific participant of the study. Only the researcher will have access to the
data.
Tool/Questionnaire

The researchers will be utilizing an adopted standardized questionnaire. It is

composed of 3 parts:

1. Demographic profile of the respondents in terms name (optional), age and

gender; year level and smartphone usage.
2. Smartphone Addiction
3. Interaction Anxiety
Tool/Questionnaire

PART I: DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS

Name: (Optional) _____________________________

Age: ( ) 17-19 ( ) 20-22 ( ) 23 above
Gender: ( ) Male ( ) Female ( ) LGBTQIA
Year Level: ( ) 1st Year ( ) 2nd Year ( ) 3rd Year ( ) 4th Year
How long have you been using your smartphone phone?
( ) <2 years ( ) 2—4 years ( ) >4 years
How long do you use your smartphone per day?
( ) <3 hours ( ) 3—7 hours ( ) >7 hours
How much do you spend on smartphone services per month?
( ) <100 ( ) 200-400 ( )>400
The primary motivation for using a smartphone is for (Single selection)
( ) Interpersonal need ( ) Killing Time
( ) Amusing and Entertaining ( ) Studying or working need
 
 
 Tool/Questionnaire

PART II: SMARTPHONE ADDICTION

 
Direction: Put a check mark (/) on the column that corresponds to your answer. The scaling below will guide you in answering this
questionnaire.
5 - Strongly Agree 4 – Agree 3 - Undecided 2 – Disagree 1 – Strongly Disagree
ITEMS 5 4 3 2 1

1. Missing planned work due to smartphone use.          

2. Having a hard time concentrating in class, while doing assignments, or while working due to          

smartphone use.

3. Experiencing lightheadedness or blurred vision due to excessive smartphone use.          

4. Feeling pain in the wrists or at the back of the neck while using a smartphone.          

5. Feeling tired and lacking adequate sleep due to excessive smartphone use.          
 Tool/Questionnaire
         
6. Feeling calm or cozy while using a smartphone.
         
7. Feeling pleasant or excited while using a smartphone.
         
8. Feeling confident while using a smartphone.
         
9. Being able to get rid of stress with a smartphone.
         
10. There is nothing more fun to do than using my smartphone.
         
11. My life would be empty without my smartphone.
         
12. Feeling most liberal while using a smartphone.
         
13. Using a smartphone is the most fun thing to do.
         
14. Won’t be able to stand not having a smartphone.
         
15. Feeling impatient and fretful when I am not holding my smartphone.
 Tool/Questionnaire
       
16. Having my smartphone in my mind even when I am not using it.
         
17. I will never give up using my smartphone even when my daily life is already greatly affected by it.
         
18. Getting irritated when bothered while using my smartphone.
         
19. Bringing my smartphone to the toilet even when I am in a hurry to get there.
         
20. Feeling great meeting more people via smartphone use.
         
21. Feeling that my relationships with my smartphone buddies are more intimate than my

relationships with my real-life friends.

         
22. Not being able to use my smartphone would be as painful as losing a friend.
         
23. Feeling that my smartphone buddies understand me better than my real-life friends.
         
24. Constantly checking my smartphone so as not to miss conversations between other people on

Twitter or Facebook.
Tool/Questionnaire
         
25. Checking SNS (Social Networking Service) sites like Twitter or Facebook right after waking up.

         
26. Preferring talking with my smartphone buddies to hanging out with my real-life friends or with the

other members of my family

         
27. Preferring searching from my smartphone to asking other people
         
28. My fully charged battery does not last for one whole day.
         
29. Using my smartphone longer than I had intended.
         
30. Feeling the urge to use my smartphone again right after I stopped using it.

         
31. Having tried time and again to shorten my smartphone use time, but failing all the time.

         
32. Always thinking that I should shorten my smartphone use time.
         
33. The people around me tell me that I use my smartphone too much.
Tool/Questionnaire

Source:

Kwon, M. et al. (2013). The Smartphone Addiction Scale: Development

and Validation of a Short Version for Adolescents.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259589326_The_Smartpho

ne_Addiction_Scale_Development_and_Validation_of_a_Short_Vers

ion_for_Adolescent
Tool/Questionnaire

 PART III: INTERACTION ANXIETY

 
Direction: Put a check mark (/) on the column that corresponds to your answer. The scaling below will guide you in
answering this questionnaire.
5 - Strongly Agree 4 – Agree 3 - Undecided 2 – Disagree 1 – Strongly Disagree

ITEMS 5 4 3 2 1
         
1. Using a telephone in public.
         
2. Participating in a small group activity.
         
3. Eating in public.
         
4. Drinking with others.
         
5. Talking to someone in authority.
         
6. Acting, performing, or speaking in front of an audience.
Tool/Questionnaire

         

         
7. Going to a party.
         
8. Working while being observed.
         
9. Working while being observed.
         
10. Calling someone you don't know very well.
         
11. Talking face to face with someone you don't know very well.
         
12. Meeting strangers.
         
13. Urinating in a public bathroom.
         
14. Entering a room when others are already seated.
         
15. Being the center of attention.
         
16. Speaking up at a meeting.
Tool/Questionnaire

17. Taking a test of your ability, skill, or knowledge.          

18. Expressing disagreement or disapproval to someone you don't know very well.          

19. Looking someone who you don't know very well straight in the eyes.          

20. Giving a prepared oral talk to a group.          

21. Trying to make someone's acquaintance for the purpose of a romantic/sexual relationship.          

22. Returning goods to a store for a refund.          

23. Giving a party.          

         
 
24. Resisting a high pressure sales person.

Source:

Liebowitz, M. (2016) Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. https://nationalsocialanxietycenter.com/liebowitz-sa-scale/

Thank You