Professional Documents
Culture Documents
The Development of
Bars
Lesson Overview
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Brief history of bars and alcoholic drinks
1.3 Development of bars
1.4 Modern bar design, layout and location
1.5 Ownership types – pubs and bars
1.6 Legal aspects affecting beverage
businesses
1.7 The modern pub experience
Conclusion
References
Lesson 1: The Development of Bars
Aims and Learning Outcomes of the Lesson
1.1 Introduction
The Pub and Bar – social gathering places, primary focal point
of most towns and cities
All sizes, shapes and services
Opening times can vary in certain countries
These establishments have existed for centuries offering
customers, travellers and tourists access to the food, drinks,
music and the company of the local people
Some countries have a high pub and bar concentration (very
social people)
Pub’s own particular atmosphere and personality (quite,
reserved, little livelier, home from home)
The company constantly changes
The term ‘local’ - indicates a customer’s favourite bar
Lesson 1: The Development of Bars
Design (holistic): aesthetic appeal, customers expectation – a total experience, individual spaces for creating business
goals and great environments. ‘The requirements of good bar design are highly specific, functionality is as important as
form’( Roberts, 2008).
Layout (ergonomics): Good layout in F & B preparation and service areas and its relationship to overall productivity.
Ergonomic study of (a) all hospitality staff involved (b) provision of data for efficient and effective design of the bar. Ultimate task
– to develop the most comfortable conditions for customers and staff with regards to:
‘Lighting, climate, noise, physical workload (kitchens and bust bars), facilitating psycho sensorial functions in reading instruments
displays, handling of equipment and controls made easier, making better use of spontaneous and stereotypes responses’ (Murphy, -
2008)
Location (considerations): type of clientele to attract, population size in relation to plans, flexibility
of the pub, local competition, local and town planning, visibility and positioning (prominence), foot traffic,
proximity of local facilities, condition of the pub.
Tied house: ‘Establishment that has an association, financial or otherwise, with a liquor
manufacturer or its agent that is likely to lead to its products being favoured’ (Trevor,
2012). Illegal in US, popular in UK. Some breweries appoint ‘salaried managers’ to run
their bars. Some bar owners finance pub purchases with brewery soft loans and are
required to their beer in return.
Tenancy house: most established and traditional ways of running a pub. pub is owned
by brewery and the publican rents the pub. Short term agreement (1-3 years) or year to
year (referred to as ‘rolling’ or evergreen’ agreement. Exact terms differ from pub chain to
pub chain. Tenant tied or partially tied to buying certain beers/products. Tenancy is valued
also on Fix & Fit, stock etc (valuation). Pro’s – discounts on products, experience of
previous landlord, Con’s – popularity of some products tenant is tied to.
Free House (freehold/lock up): Outright private ownership, ability to purchase
supplies from any company, bigger margins obtained sometimes. Freehold property offers
good security for loans.
Franchise house (leasehold): Publican has right to occupy property for a fixed term
of years. Two kinds of lease – (a) Sales or assignment of lease: lessee committed to pay
rent throughout term unless they can sell the interest by assignment to another purchaser.
(b) Grant of new lease – ‘without premium’ publican only required to purchase fix & fit,
stock, glassware etc, some clause might contain barring sale or assignment of lease within
first two years. Goodwill can be sold. Tenant is obliged to comply with terms of lease (i.e.
tie – free of tie, part tie or full tie, repairing obligation, rent review, service charges,
assignment clauses, insurance premiums, decoration – internal & external.
Lesson 1: The Development of Bars
The challenge to bars: improve the spend per customer, creating special nights,
price sensitivity, innovative practices.
Engagement and involvement: mix your own drinks and cocktails, cook your own food,
themed evenings.
Game nights: video games, retro games (ping pong, foosball).
Technology: IBar intelligent systems – drink detection, finger touch systems for music and
photos.
Exotic and molecular cocktails: Callooh Callay (East London, England serves a Rum Punch
in a gramophone, Eden Freeman of Taylors Bar and Restaurant, New York ‘Flight of Fancies
molecular cocktails).
Speakeasy venues: interest in nostalgia, unusual environment, classic old school drinks.
Themed music events: have it your way (customers bring own vinyl's), themed music
evenings.
New glass measures, portion sizes.
Price reduction ideas: drinks prices reduced or interested depending on their popularity (stock
exchange model).
Ladies nights: discounted cocktails, excellent food and wines.
Lesson 1: The Development of Bars
Conclusion
Tradition of going to the pub or bar can be traced way back to ancient
times.
The pub is often the only place neighbours, friends and family get to
meet in many towns and villages around the world.
References
Austin, G, A. (1985) Alcohol in Western Society from Antiquity to 1800: A Chronological History, Santa Barbara, CA.:ABC Clio.
Brandwood, G.K, Davison, A. and Slaughter M. (2004). Licensed to sell: the history and heritage of the public house. English Heritage: UK.
Babor, T. (1986) Alcohol: Customs and Rituals, Chelsea House: New York.
Brown, J. and Miller, A. (2009) Spirituous Journey: A History of Drink, Book Two. Mixellany Limited: USA.
Cavan, S. (1966) Liquor License: An Ethnography of Bar Behaviour, Chicago: Aldine Publishing Co.
Cole, S. (2007) West from Paddington. Etica Press Ltd: UK.
Cousins, J. and Lillicrap, D. (2010) Essential Food and Beverage Service, London: Hodder Education.
Cherrington, E. H. (1925) Standard Encyclopaedia of the Alcohol Problem, American Issue Publishing Co: Westerville, OH.
Doxat, J. (1972) The World of Drinks and Drinking, Drake Publishers: NY.
Granet, M. (1957) Chinese Civilization. Barnes and Noble: London.
Haigh, T. (2007) Vintage Spirits and Forgotten Cocktails, Quarry Books, Quayside Publishing Group: USA.
Murphy, J. (2009) Bar Design – converging form and function, Licensing World, April, Dublin: Jemma Publications Ltd.
Murphy, J. (2013) Principles and Practices of Bar and Beverage Management, Goodfellow Publishing Ltd, Oxford: England.
Murphy, J. (2013) Principles and Practices of Bar and Beverage Management – The Drinks Handbook, Goodfellow Publishing Ltd, Oxford:
England.
Molloy, C. (2002) The Story of the Irish Pub, Vintners Federation of Ireland, Liffey Press: Dublin.
Norrington-Davies, T. (2005) Is the gastropub making a meal of it?. 24th November, The Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved [July 2008]
Patrick, C, H. (1952) Alcohol, Culture, and Society, Duke University Press: Durham, NC.
Porter, R. (1990) Introduction. In: Sournia, Jean-Charles. A History of Alcoholism. Trans by Hindley and Stanton, Basil Blackwell: Oxford.
Raymond, I, W. (1927) The Teaching of the Early Church on the Use of Wine and Strong Drink, Columbia University Press: New York.
Roberts, R. (2008) Drinks Focus bar Design, September, Hospitality Ireland, Dublin: Madison Publishing Ltd.
Times (1928) The New York Times, January 7th Issue: USA.
Trevor, P. (2013) Tied House Laws Revisited – Middle Ground May be the way to go Vaneast Beer Blog,
eastsidebeer.blogspot.ca/2012/05/tied-house-laws-revisited-m,iddle-ground.html [ retrieved 29/5/12].
Wondrich, D (2007) Imbibe: From Absinthe Cocktail to Whiskey Smash, a Salute in Stories and Drinks to ‘Professor’ Jerry Thomas Pioneer
of the American Bar, Perigee Trade: USA.
Wilson, T, M. (2005) Drinking Cultures: Alcohol and Identity, Oxford: Berg.