Scientific

Approach
By: Group 5
 Table of Contents

01. Historical figures 03. Example

Who pioneered the Examples of how
abstract of “scientific scientific approach
method”. being used.

02. Explanation 04. Conclusions

The why and what of A concise overview of
scientific approach. scientific approach.
01 Historical figures

Dr. Galileo Galilei Francis Bacon René Descartes

(1564 –1642) (1561- 1626) (1596-1650)
 In 1609, he built and refined telescopes, which eventually
made him famous.

 Telescopes are a good example of how scientific

instruments change the nature of scientific practice.

 His most relevant to the idea of methods in science: Two

New Sciences of 1638. He called for specific tests that
would let experimenters confirm his laws with their own
senses. This, in his words, was the mark of a “true
scientist”: independent confirmation.

 Galileo’s focus on independent, rational comparison of

theories about natural phenomena.
 Bacon’s focus on experiment and social norms
promoting scientific research.

 Bacon's new scientific method involved gathering

data, prudently analyzing it and performing
experiments to observe nature's truths in an
organized way.

 He believed that when approached this way, science

could become a tool for the betterment of
humankind.
 He’s known as a founding figure in mathematics and
modern philosophy. who bridged geometry and
algebra.

 For example, the “Cartesian” coordinates system that

bridge between algebra and geometry.

 Descartes publishes his Discourse on the Method for

Guiding One’s Reason and Searching for Truth in the
Sciences, the source of the famous quote, “I think,
therefore I am.” He outlines his rules for
understanding the natural world through reason and
skepticism.
02
EXPLANATION
 The Scientific Method is a process used to design and perform
experiments.

 It's important to minimize experimental errors and bias and increase

confidence in the accuracy of your results.

 The scientific method is used in all sciences—including chemistry,

physics, geology, and psychology.

 Scientist use the same core approach to find answers that are logical and
supported by evidence.
WHAT IS SCIENTIFIC
APPROACH?
 Scientific methods consists of:
1. Observation
Anything that can be observed through the 5 senses (Smell, sight, taste, touch
and hearing).
2. Hypothesis
A simple statement that defines what you think the outcome of your experiment
will be.
3. Prediction
Predictions of what you believe will occur. ( If…. then……) and is usually
specific.
4. Experimentation
● Qualitative and quantitative data.
● Setting up the variables (independent and dependent).
5. Conclusions
Summary of the experiment’s results, and how those results match up to your
hypothesis.
WHY DO WE USE SCIENTIFIC APPROACH?

● To collect measurable evidence

in an experiment related to a
hypothesis.

● The results obtained, aiming to

support or contradict a theory.
TYPE OF RESEARCH USED IN SCIENTIFIC
APPROACH

Quantitative Research
Quantitative research is based on collecting facts
and figures.This type research is common in
biology.

Qualitative Research
Qualitative research is based on collecting
opinions and attitudes.This type research is
common in the social sciences.
03
EXAMPLE
 EXAMPLE

1. OBSERVATION 2. HYPOTHESIS
Let's suppose that you get two slices of
bread, put them into the toaster, and press The toast didn't toast because the electrical
the button. However, your bread does not outlet is broken.
toast.
 EXAMPLE

3. PREDICTION 4. EXPERIMENTATION
Plug the toaster into a different outlet and see
If the electrical outlet is broken, then plugging
if it toasts.
the toaster into a different outlet should fix the
problem. ● If the toaster does toast, then the
hypothesis is supported—likely correct.
● If the toaster doesn't toast, then the
hypothesis is not supported—likely wrong.
 EXAMPLE

5. CONCLUSION
● If the hypothesis was supported, we might do additional tests to
confirm it, or revise it to be more specific. For instance, we might
investigate why the outlet is broken.

● If the hypothesis was not supported, we would come up with a new

hypothesis. For instance, the next hypothesis might be that there's a
broken wire in the toaster.
 Conclusions

Scientific method is an iterative

(repetition) process. In other
words, it's a cycle rather than a
straight line. The result of one go-
round becomes feedback that
improves the next round of
question asking.
 References
Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2020, April 17). Baconian method. Encyclopedia Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/science/Baconian-method

CrashCourse. (2018). The Scientific Methods: Crash Course History of Science #14 [Video]. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UdQreBq6MOY

Exploring Your Mind, (2019, August 18). What Are The Different Types of Scientific Methods.
https://www.google.com/amp/s/exploringyourmind.com/the-different-types-of-scientific-methods/amp/

Francis Bacon. (2020). Retrieved 4 April 2021, from https://www.biography.com/scholar/francis-bacon

Grossman, L. (2010). June 8, 1637: Descartes Codifies Scientific Method. Retrieved 8 April 2021, from
https://www.wired.com/2010/06/0608descartes-publishes-scientific-method

Khan Academy, (n.d.) The Scientific Method. Biology and Scientific Method.
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-biology-foundations/hs-biology-and-the-scientific-
method/a/the-science-of-biolog
y