CANONICAL EQUATION OF

AN ELLIPSE

Presented by group 2
 Members
Thanh Nhi
Khanh Linh
Ngoc Ngan
Gia Kiet
Thuy Anh
Hoang Ngan
Xuan Thanh
Tam Uyen
 Words
English Vietnamese
• Canonical equation phương trình chính tắc
• Focus tiêu điểm
• Foci các tiêu điểm
• Oxy coordinate hệ trục toạ độ Oxy
• Focal length độ dài tiêu cự
• Symmetry đối xứng
• Origin gốc toạ độ
 Canonical equation of an ellipse
 Choose the Oxy
coordinate plane.
y
 Given an ellipse (E) with M(x;y)
the foci and
 Point M belongs to the
ellipse if and only if + =
2a, a>c.

=   
(-c;0)
  𝑭𝟏 O   𝑭𝟐 x
=
We can(c;0)
prove:
M(x;y)
 +
 Canonical equation of an ellipse

  M(x;y)
 + (*)
where = -
Equation (*) is called the canonical equation of an ellipse.
How can we
prove?
 Canonical equation of an ellipse
 STEP 1 :Compute - and then use definition + = 2a to compute - .
 
   

-
=+
  =+

 - = 4cx
  ( + ) x (- )= 4cx

- = ( + = 2a)

- =
 Canonical equation of an ellipse
STEP 2: Compute and
 

We have:
 

+ = 2a ( the definition)
- = (proved)
 
= 2a +
.

 =a+
=> =a-
 Canonical equation of an ellipse
STEP 3: Set up the equation of an ellipse (E)
 We
have:
y
=a+= M(x;y)

 or (a+ =
 Shortenthis above equation,
we have: 𝑭𝟏
 
O   𝑭𝟐 x
(1- + = -
c c
or + = 1 (1)

  - >0 so we can put - = (b>0) (2)

(1), (2)=> + = 1 (a>b>0) (*)

 
 Canonical equation of an ellipse

 
+ = 1 (a>b>0) (*)
 
In contrast, we can prove that: If point M has the coordinates (x; y)
satisfying the above equation then = a + , = a - , therefore= 2a, or
point M belongs to ellipse (E).
 Canonical equation of an ellipse
 Followed theorem Pythagoras, we have: y
= (3) 𝑩𝟐
 
= (4) M(x;y)
We have:
+ =2a (definition)(5)
From (3), (4), (5), we have
  𝑨𝟏   𝑨𝟐
2 = 2a
=a   𝑭𝟏   𝑭𝟐 x
O
or + =
b c
=-

𝑩𝟏
 
  
+ = 1 (a>b>0) (*)

Why we always get

 
-
= in equation (*) ?
MULTIPLE CHOICE

QUESTIONS
Ques 1:Ellipse (E) has the canonical equation
 

+ = 1. Which is the coordinate of focus of ellipse

(E)?

A. (10;0)
B. (6;0)
C. (4;0)
D. (-8;0)
 
Ques 2: Ellipse (E) + = 1 has the
focal length is?

A. 18
B. 6
C. 9
D. 3