INFANT AND YOUNG CHILD

FEEDING

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Introduction

• It is one of most effective interventions to

improve the health of the children
• It was observed that 9.5 million children
died under the age of 5 during 2016,
amongst which 65% died in their first 12
months
• About 32 % are stunted, 10% are wasted
OBJECTIVES OF IYCF

• The nutritional status, growth and

development of infants and young children
• Support for exclusive breastfeeding for 6
months, with timely adequate and safe
appropriate ways of complementary
feeding.
• Promotion of continuous breast feeding for
24 months and above
• To promote the knowledge of main
problems those affecting infant and young
child feeding and find out their remedies as
possible interventions
• To improve the government commitment
and other international players for
improved optimal feeding practices among
parents
• To design an environment that could help
mother, families and health care workers to
achieve optimal practices in feeding of
infants and young children
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THE GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR INFANT AND
YOUNG CHILD FEEDING

• Developed by WHO and UNICEF to revitalize

world attention on the impact that feeding
practices have on infants and young children
• Malnutrition responsible, directly or indirectly, for
over 50% of the 10.9 million deaths annually
among children <5 years
• Over two-thirds of these deaths occur in first year
of life
• Often associated with inappropriate feeding
practices 6
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POLICY INITIATIVES

• International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk

Substitutes (1981)
• Innocenti Declaration (1990)
• Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative (1991)
• Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child
Feeding (2002)

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 The Global Strategy

• The Global Strategy launched in 2002 and

built on previous initiatives such as:
• The International Code of Marketing of
Breast-Milk Substitutes in 1981,
• The Innocenti Declaration in 1990 and
• The Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative in
1991.

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The Global Strategy

• The Global Strategy designed for use by

governments and other concerned
parties, such as:
• health professional bodies
• non-governmental organizations
• commercial enterprises and
• international organizations.

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 The Global Strategy
• The Strategy lists WHO/UNICEF recommendations
for appropriate feeding of infants and young children
• The Strategy explains the obligations and
responsibilities of governments and concerned
parties
• It describes the actions they could take to protect,
promote and support mothers to follow
recommended feeding practices

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Follow up previous targets from Innocenti
Declaration
•  Appoint a national breastfeeding coordinator with
appropriate authority, and establish a multisectoral
national breastfeeding committee
• Ensure that every facility providing maternity services
fully practices all the ‘Ten steps to successful
breastfeeding’ set out in the WHO/UNICEF statement
on breastfeeding and maternity services
• Implement the International Code of Marketing of
Breast-milk Substitutes and subsequent resolutions
• Enact imaginative legislation protecting the
breastfeeding rights of working women and establish
means for its enforcement
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Ten Steps for successful breastfeeding

1. There should be a written policy for breastfeeding and

it must be conveyed to all those involved in healthcare
systems
2. Training of health care personnel for implementation of
breastfeeding policy
3. Dissemination of the information and awarenessof
mothers about the beneficial role of breastfeeding
management
4. Support to mothers for breastfeeding within the one
half hour of birth
5. Mothers need to guide about the way of breastfeeding
and maintenance of lactation
6. Avoid giving any drink or food to infants but
mothers milk
7. The mother and infants must remain together for
at least one hour after birth
8. Breastfeeding must be encouraged when infant
demands food
9.Avoid giving any artificial pacifier to the infant on
breastfeeding
10. Encourage the provision of breastfeeding
support services to mothers through specified
support groups after discharge from the clinic
 The Five New Targets
• Develop, implement, monitor and evaluate a
comprehensive policy on infant and young
child feeding
• Ensure while providing women access to the
support they require that:
• health and other relevant sectors protect,
promote and support exclusive breastfeeding for
six months and
• continued breastfeeding up to two years of age
or beyond
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 The Five New Targets
• Promote timely, adequate, safe and
appropriate complementary feeding with
continued breastfeeding
• Provide guidance on feeding infants and young
children exceptionally difficult circumstances
• Consider what new legislation or other suitable
measures may be required to implement the
international Code of Marketing of Breast-milk
Substitutes and subsequent resolutions

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 EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING 1/4

• Breastfeeding provides ideal food for the healthy growth

and development of infants
• Infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first six
months of life
• Definition 
• Exclusive breastfeeding means giving a baby only
breast milk, and no other liquids or solids, not even
water. Drops of syrups consisting of vitamins, mineral
supplements or medicines are permitted.

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 Exclusive breastfeeding
• Breastfeeding provides ideal food for the
healthy growth and development of infants
• It is all that a child need for first six months of
life
• As a global public health recommendation,
infants should be exclusively breastfed for the
first six months of life
• More on exclusive breastfeeding during this
course.
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COMPLEMENTARY FEEDS

• After six months all babies require

complementary foods while breastfeeding
continues for up to two years of age or beyond
• Complementary feeds should be:
• timely
• adequate
• safe
• properly fed

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 COMPLEMENTARY FEEDS

•  After six months of age, all babies require other

foods to complement breast milk - we call these
foods complementary foods
•  When complementary feeds are introduced,
breastfeeding should still continue for up to two
years of age or beyond
•  Infants are particularly vulnerable during the
transition period when complementary feeding
begins
• Must ensure that nutritional needs of infants –
require complementary foods 07/24/2021 19
 COMPLEMENTARY FEEDS

Ensuring that nutritional needs are met requires

that complementary foods be:
• Timely – that they are introduced when the
need for energy and nutrients exceeds what
can be provided through exclusive and
frequent breastfeeding
• Adequate –that they provide sufficient
energy, protein and micronutrients to meet
growing child’s nutritional needs
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 COMPLEMENTARY FEEDS

• Safe – that they are hygienically stored

and prepared and fed with clean hands
using clean utensils and not bottles and
teats
• Properly fed – that they are given in
response to a child’s signals of hunger
and that meal frequency and feeding
methods are suitable for the child’s age

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FEEDING IN EXCEPTIONALLY DIFFICULT
CIRCUMSTANCES

• Emergency situations
• Malnourished children
• Low-birth-weight babies
• Infants of HIV-infected mothers
• Orphans

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Sura Luqman XXXI:14

And We have stressed on man concerning his

parents, his mother bore him undergoing
weakness upon weakness and his weaning
takes two years that give thanks to Me and to
your parents. Lastly, the return is towards
Me.
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• Zulekha has given birth in basic health unit
in theroarkar sindh.she Has been eating a
lot of procesed food during her prgo. At this
moment she is facing lactation problems.
Her child remains hungry most of times
and suffers malnutrition. identify the
problem areas related to dietary
determinants with zulekha and probable
barriers that could have played a role in
this problem related to malnutrition
Thanks
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