Review

• What is evolution?
• How do we know living things have changed
over time? What evidence do we have?
Evidence of Evolution
Four types of evidence support the
theory of evolution
 1. Fossil Evidence
• Fossils allow scientists to show how
species have changed over time.
 Fossils help us connect species
over time so we can see how they
changed
Whale Evolution
Types of fossils
What type of rock would most likely
have fossils in it?
• What about gaps in the fossil record?
• Do we have fossil evidence for every
stage of evolution?
• What other evidence exists?
 2. Anatomy
• Matching or extra/left over body parts support
the idea of common ancestors
 2. Anatomy
• Homologous structures – body parts that
are the same or similar in different species
 2. Anatomy
• Vestigial structures –body parts that are
useless or left over from a previous
ancestor in which they were useful
• Example: Appendix, tailbones, goose
bumps and wisdom teeth.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rFxu7NEoKC8
Vestigial hip bones in whales
 3. Embryology
• Many organisms have similar embryos,
supporting the idea of common ancestors.

https://nj.pbslearning
media.org/resource/t
dc02.sci.life.cyc.emb
ryo/common-past-dif
ferent-paths/#.WSLb
-NIrLcs
search “common
past, different past”
 Guess the embryo

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nov
a/evolution/guess-embryo.ht
ml
 Common anatomical features
(homologous structures) in
embryos supports the theory
that all living things are related.
 4. Biochemistry

• Many organisms contain similar sequences

(sections) of DNA.
• Small mutations or changes in the DNA
eventually lead to the evolution of new
species.
 Chromosome #2 is split
into 2 separate
chromosomes in chimps.

Humans and chimps

have 98.8% similar
DNA.
Chimps have 48
chromosomes
compared to
human’s 46.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nvJFI3ChOUU
Are we really 99% chimp?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IbY122CSC5w
 Review
• Evidence of Evolution: (11 mins)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=lIEoO5KdPvg
 Quiz
1. What are the four pieces of evidence
supporting the theory of evolution?

•Fossils, Anatomy, Embryology,

Biochemistry
 Quiz
2. Name two vestigial structures that
humans have.
•Appendix, body hair, tail bones, goose
bumps, ear muscles, wisdom teeth, etc.

Why do we have them?

•These parts were once useful in an ancient
ancestor.
 Quiz

3. What do humans and chimpanzees have

in common?
•99% DNA in common and
similar anatomical structures
 Quiz
4. Do our similarities with chimpanzees
mean we came from them?
•No, we do share a common ancestor that
passed similar traits on to both groups
Color the homologous structures
• Use the same color for homologous
bones. (i.e. all humerus bones should be
the same color)
 Review
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=lIEoO5KdPvg
• 2 min video from Harvard posted today showing in a unique way bacteria developing resistance
to an antibiotic over the course of a few weeks.
•  
• https://youtu.be/plVk4NVIUh8
•  
• This issue is a big part of the reason the FDA just recently banned a bunch of antibiotics in hand
soaps. http://www.fda.gov/forconsumers/consumerupdates/ucm378393.htm 
• We still have most farm animals being given routine doses of antibiotics and we may still have a
continued over-prescription for humans (all the people with viral infections who still get
antibiotics) but I don't know all the latest stats on those issues.

•  
Human Fossil Evidence Found

http://abcnews.go.com/Technolo
gy/ardi-fossil-brings-us-closer-
common-ancestor-
humans/story?id=8716359

Click for a news story on new

human fossils found…
 Homework
• Use Chapter 6, section 2 (starts on 165) to
complete the sentences on your
worksheet.