ION EXCHANGE

PROCESS
TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER FROM CHROME
PLATING INDUSTRY BY ION EXCHANGE
METHOD

INTRODUCTION
The heavy metal hexavalent chromium is one of the major toxic
elements because of its carcinogenic nature. Hence to control its harmful
effect on environment numerous processes have been used for chromium
(VI) removal.
Various methods used to remove chromium (VI) from industry waste
water are chemical precipitation, ion exchange, adsorption, reduction etc.,
Removal of chromium(VI) and recovery of chromic acid from
chrome plating industry waste water by ion exchange process is
challenging.
 METHODS AND MATERIALS
Tulsion A-27(MP) is purchased from thermax is strong base anion
exchange resin whose screen size US Mesh 1-50,particle size 0.3-
1.2mm(minimum 95%).The stock solution of chromium(VI)is prepared by
dissolving potassium dichromate in distilled water. All chemicals wereof
analytical grade. Carry 50Bio UV-visible spectrophotometer used for chromium
analysis.
Ion exchange column is used to conduct fixed bed experiment to remove
Cr(VI) from synthetic solution containing 150mg/L of Cr(VI) and wastewater by
using reconditioned anion exchange resin tulsion A glass column of internal
diameter 1.04 cm was used as a fixed bed column.
The air dried reconditioned and weighed resin is first placed in contact with
distilled water in beaker for half an hour.
The resin swells by absorbing water in pores The we resin or slurry is
carefully transferred to glass column of diameter 1.04 cm and length 30cm
packed with glass wood at the bottom and to control the required flow rate
during column operations.
 After transferrring all the resin to the column, the top end of the
column is packed with glass wool keeping a gap of 1cm above packed
resin bed filled with distilled water.
The synthetic Cr(VI) solution and plating wastewater of known
concentration is stored in the reservior or column experiments and is
passed i n down flow direction through the resin bed at constant flow
rate by a rubber tube with clamp.
The different parameters varied are mass of resin (bed-height),
floe rate and influent Cr(VI) concentration The initial concentration of
Cr(VI) in influent and effluent after column operation is checked by di-
phenylcarbazide(DPC) method. The Cr(VI) concentration in the
effluent solution is analysed spectrophotometrically by preparing a red-
voilet complex at a wavelength of 540 nm. For every deviation of
absorbance values in this method, the chromium(VI) concentration is
obtained by plotting the calibration curve of absorbance versus
concentration. All the solutions are analysed within 30 minutes after
forming a complex.
 REGENERATION OF EXHAUSTED
TULSION A-27RESIN IN COLUMN
After exhaustion of Tulsion A-27(MP) resin in the column
regeneration of resin column is carried out by using different
elements.
The regeneration is done by passing downflow of selected
element solutions 2M HCL and 2M NaCl through the resin
with a flow rate of 1ml/min.
RESULT
PSEUDO FIRST ORDER
REACTION

 The altered or reduced order of reaction is called pseudo first order reaction.
 In second order reaction when one of reactants concentration is in excess(10-
100 times) of the other reactant then the reaction follows first order kinetics and
such reaction is called pseudo first order reaction.
 R=K[A][B]
 R=K’[A] ; (K’=K[B])

[A][B]-concentration of reactant
K-rate constant
K’-pseudo first order rate constant
EXAMPLE

 From chick’s law

 Rx= -k’cx
Where k’ is a pseudo first order reaction rate
constant equal to kcd
 Chick’s law states that the rate of inactivation of organisms is
proportional to the number concentration remaining for a given
concentration of disinfectant.
 For batch system in which assumptions of chick’s law are met,
and assuming that the disinfection is occurring much more
rapidly than growth, a mass balance on organisms leads to the
following familiar pseudo - first order relationship.
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O —–> CH3COOH + C2H5OH
Rate = k [CH3COOC2H5] [H2O]
Rate = k [CH3COOC2H5]
where K = K’ [H2O]

 C12H22O11 + H2O —–> C6H12O6 + C6H12O6

Rate = k [C12H22O11]