WELDING PROCEDURE

Doc. No.
SPECIFICATION SP-QAQC-003
QAQC DEPARTMENT

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

DISETUJUI OLEH DISAHKAN OLEH

TANDA TANGAN TANDA TANGAN

JABATAN CONSTRUCTION JABATAN MANAGEMENT

DIRECTOR REPRESENTATIV/
MANAGING DIRECTOR
NAMA BAMBANG KURNIAWAN NAMA HIDAYAT SALEH
TANGGAL 24 AUGUST 2023 TANGGAL 25 AUGUST 2023

DIBUAT OLEH : DIPERIKSA OLEH :

TANDA TANGAN TANDA TANGAN

JABATAN QAQC DEPARTMENT JABATAN DOCUMENT CONTROL

CENTRE
NAMA LUQMAN HAKIM NAMA MEITASARI ANGGRAINI
TANGGAL 22 AUGUST 2023 TANGGAL 23 AUGUST 2023

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DEPARTMENT

Contents
1. TITLE........................................................................................................................................ 3
2. SCOPE...................................................................................................................................... 3
3. DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE............................................................................................3
3.1 Special tools.................................................................................................................... 3
3.2 Argon Specification (ASME BPVC.II.C-2019 SFA-5.32/ SFA-5.32M).................................7
3.3 Material Handling and Procedure Storage..................................................................8
3.4 Process............................................................................................................................ 8
3.5 Base Metal....................................................................................................................... 8
3.6 Filler Metal...................................................................................................................... 8
3.7 Preparation of Base Metal.............................................................................................8
3.8 Electric Current............................................................................................................. 10
3.9 Position.......................................................................................................................... 10
3.10Welding Technique...................................................................................................... 10
3.11Shielding Gas................................................................................................................ 10
3.12Appearance................................................................................................................... 11
3.13Cleaning......................................................................................................................... 13
3.14Defect............................................................................................................................ 13
3.15Peening.......................................................................................................................... 13
3.16Treatment of underside of weld.................................................................................13
3.17Preheating and Post Heating......................................................................................13
3.18Exceptions..................................................................................................................... 14
3.19Procedure Qualification...............................................................................................14
3.20Welder........................................................................................................................... 14
3.21References.................................................................................................................... 14
4. LIST OF EXHIBIT.................................................................................................................. 14
........................................................................................................................................................ 15

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DEPARTMENT

1. TITLE
PROCEDURE FOR TITANIUM WELDING

2. SCOPE
This procedure covers the materials, edge preparation, welding technique and
test to be used in welding commercially pure Titanium, in erection and
fabrication of pressure vessel and piping.

3. DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE
3.1 Special tools
3.1.1. Welding Machine
TIG welding is a stable arc welding process that uses a non-
consumable tungsten electrode and an inert gas in the welding
arc to create high-quality welds.

3.1.2. Acetone
Acetone is useful for cleaning titanium surfaces to remove
contaminants in the form of residual particles that may react
during welding

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DEPARTMENT

3.1.3. Welding Habitat System

Welding Habitat System is designed to allow naked flame or hot
work activity such as welding, grinding, cutting, to be carried
out without the need for a plant/production shutdown. Besides
that, it can reduce contaminants in the form of residual
particles that may react during welding.

3.1.3.1. Welding Habitat Procedure

Welding habitat must have the following components:

 Panels (walls, floors, roofs & doors)
 Fire blankets, generally on the floor or the edge of
the wall panels
 Air supply blower, exhaust, duct & pneumatic
facilities
 Manometer (pressure gauge)
 Adequate lights, cables and electrical facilities

3.1.3.2. Welding Habitat Door Design

The door design used resembles cold storage
curtains, but is made of silicone glass fabric with the
aim of facilitating material mobilization

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DEPARTMENT

3.1.3.3. Pipe Alignment Fit Up Clamps

Pipe clamps are supports for suspended pipes,
whether vertical or horizontal. They shouldn't be
confused with pipe fasteners, which join two pipes
together. The job of pipe clamps is to securely hold
pipes, while allowing for any movement or expansion
to enable the welding application's maximum
performance. The size of the Pipe Alignment Fit Up
Clamps used is 6 inches and can be operated on pipes
up to 8 inches below

3.1.4. Gas Nozzle for Titanium Welding

Using a special nozzle can effectively shield the heated area to
prevent the embrittlement that occurs when titanium gets too
hot without shielding gas

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DEPARTMENT

3.1.5. Trailing Shield

Trailing shield is a weld accessory used when welding exotic
materials such as titanium. They are designed for high quality
gas coverage during welding to prevent oxidation.

3.1.6. Weld Purging Dams

As a shielding gas dam during titanium welding process to
protects molten metal from reacting with atmospheric gases
like oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and water vapour.

Size chart for Purging Dams

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3.2 Argon Specification (ASME BPVC.II.C-2019 SFA-5.32/ SFA-5.32M)

3.2.1. Comercial Argon – 99.996%
Typical Impurity Limits :
 Oxygen ≤10 ppm
 Nitrogen ≤20 ppm
 Carbon Dioxide ≤1.0 ppm
 Hydrogen not definied
 Moisture ≤10 ppm
 T.H.C not definied
3.2.2. High Purity Argon – 99.998%
Typical Impurity Limits :
 Oxygen ≤5 ppm
 Nitrogen ≤10 ppm
 Carbon Dioxide ≤0.5 ppm
 Hydrogen ≤1 ppm
 Moisture ≤5 ppm
 T.H.C ≤3 ppm
3.2.3. Ultra High Purity Argon – 99.9995%
Typical Impurity Limits :
 Oxygen ≤1 ppm
 Nitrogen ≤2.5 ppm
 Carbon Dioxide ≤0.5 ppm
 Hydrogen ≤0.2 ppm
 Moisture ≤1.5 ppm
 T.H.C ≤0.5 ppm

3.3 Material Handling and Procedure Storage

 Metal should be stored away from the fabrication process to
prevent corrosion and distortion
 Materials with different classifications, sizes and lengths should be
stored separately to facilitate troubleshooting in those sizes and
lengths to minimize waste of cutting from standard lengths
 Long-term storage or coastal areas, reinforcement bars should be
piled above the ground at least 15 cm, and sprayed with an anti-
rust agent to prevent rust and scale.
 Use a new grinding disc and do not use it with ferrous materials to
avoid iron flakes which can cause corrosion
3.4 Process
3.4.1. The welding shall be done by manual tungsten inert gas
process.
3.4.2. The equipment used shall consist of an electrode holder having
provision for cooling, a nozzle about ¾ inch id to supply
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shielding gas to the weld zone, and a trailing shield to blanket

the weld behind the arc with gas.
3.4.3. Equipment also include a direct current rectifier equipped with
means to control the current accurately, provide a good arc
stability, especially in the lower range, and provide stabilized
high frequency for arc starting.
3.4.4. The electrode shall be 2 percent thoriated tungsten, 1/16 inch,
3/32 inch or 1/8 inch diameter, with tapered point.
3.5 Base Metal
Both of the base metals shall be commercially pure Titanium, having
chemical and physical properties in accordance with ASTM
specifications and grades listed in Section IX of the ASME Code, one
under P-Number 51, the other under P-Number 52.
3.6 Filler Metal
The filler metal shall comply with AWS Specification A-5, 16-70
Classification ERTi-1 or ERTi-2 listed in the ASME Code, Section IX,
under F-Number 51.
3.7 Preparation of Base Metal
3.7.1. Proper preparation of the base metal is utmost importance, as
satisfactory weld in Titanium are impossible without it.
Therefore, the instructions contained in this paragraph must be
diligently followed.
3.7.2. The edges to be joined should be debarred and sharp corners
removed with a sharp file.
3.7.3. The edges and the surfaces adjacent thereto for A distance of
at least one inch from the weld must be thoroughly cleaned on
both side.
3.7.4. If the metal appears to be clean and bright, the cleaning may
be done with a solvent such as methanol, ethyl alcohol, or
acetone.
3.7.5. If the surface is covered with a film of oxide, or if it is
otherwise contaminated, it should be cleaned with a stainless
steel brush.
Do not under any condition use steel wool, sand paper, or
anything else which might leave contaminating particles. If, at
any time, it becomes necessary to use grinding.
3.7.6. Ceramic materials are harmful, and should not be allowed to
touch the metal in the vicinity of the weld.
3.7.7. Mechanical cleaning must always be followed by solvent
cleaning.
3.7.8. Once the surface are clean, they must be protected from
recontamination and kept entirely free of fingerprints.
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3.7.9. Proper edge contour is essential to satisfactory welds, and the

dimension shown on the attached sketches must be accurately
maintained.
3.7.10.The edges must be very accurately fitted together and
maintained rigidly in that position until welding is completed.
Firm back-up support should be provided, and the edges firmly
clamped to it in such a manner as to prevent the parts moving
as welding proceed.
3.7.11.Rapid removal of the welding heat is necessary. Therefore, the
back up support and the clamping members should be made of
copper, so that they also serve as chill bars. In some instances
it may advisable to use hollow bars and circulate water though
them to increase the chilling effect.
3.7.12.Back-up bars must be grooved to permit the circulation of
shielding gas on the reverse side of the joint. Clamp and chill
bars on the face side of the weld should form A channel to
assist the retaining the shielding gas.
3.7.13.In case the arrangement of the joint is such that the use of
back-up support is nor possible, such as found in the butt
welding of pipe, special arrangement must be made. An
exterior clamping arrangement must be provided to maintain
rigid alignment and to remove the welding heat. The back of
the weld may be shielded by closing the ends of the pipe,
leaving a small bleed-hole, and purging the interior with
shielding gas. Other special set-ups may occasionally be
necessary for special joint arrangement.
3.8 Electric Current
Direct current shall be used with the tungsten electrode negative and
the base metal positive, straight polarity, with incorporated high
frequency starting.
3.9 Position
The welding shall be done in all positions.
3.10 Welding Technique
3.10.1. The welding technique, including the number of passes and the
order in which they are deposited, the welding wire sizes, the
amperage ranges, the gas composition, and flow and the
radiograph travel shall be as shown on the sketches.
3.11 Shielding Gas
3.11.1. The shielding gas should be pure, welding grade Argon. It must
be dry even if it becomes necessary to use a desiccant to dry it.
3.11.2. Both sides of the weld, including the hot metal in the
completed weld, must be completely protected from the air by
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a blanket of the gas until it has cooled to 800 F (427 C) or

less. The gas should be supplied in such a manner as to give a
soft, uniform type of distribution. The turbulence should be held
to the absolute minimum, to avoid contamination by the air. An
excess of gas is as bad as not enough.
3.11.3. The nozzle should be kept clean and free from spattered metal
to prevent turbulence and the restriction of gas flow.
3.11.4. The electrode should be centered in the nozzle to allow uniform
gas shielding. It should preferably extend below nozzle for a
distance equal 1 ½ times the electrode diameter. However,
when the joint arrangement requires it, as in the case of the
fillet welds, the extension may be increased up to as much as
½ inch in extreme cases.
3.11.5. The arc length should be the minimum which will ensure
complete fusion and penetration. It will vary with variation in
joint configuration, thickness of base metal, and filler wire size,
but will generally be about 1 ½ times the electrode diameter. It
should be kept uniform throughout the length of the weld pass.
3.11.6. The filler wire should be fed at the junction of the weld joint
and the arc cone. Feeding at higher point will not produce
satisfactory result. The filler wire must be clean. It should not
be removed from the shielding gas while it remain hot. In cas
the hot wire should be removed from gas shield, the end must
be cut off before welding is again started.
3.11.7. Care must be used to prevent contamination of the weld by
tungsten. Should the electrode be inadvertently melted by
contact with the weld or filler metal, the electrode must be
cleaned, repointed and readjusted. The contaminated area
must be ground out and the metal cleaned as in 5.1 before the
defective area is rewelded.
3.11.8. When making multi-pass welds, the first pass should be welded
by fusion only, without the use of filler metal.
3.11.9. In the case of double-welded joints, the reverse side of the
joint must be machined or ground out to sound weld metal and
thoroughly cleaned before the welding of the seam proceeds.
3.11.10. Care must be used to maintain accurate control of the
electric current. Variation as small as 5 to 10 ampere may
sometimes produce unsatisfactory results.
3.12 Appearance
3.12.1. The layers of welding, as deposited shall be substantially free
of excess irregularity or surface roughness, unfilled craters, and
pork marks. There shall be no undercutting on the side walls of
the groove or on the adjoining base metal. A reinforcing ``
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crown `` shall be built up on thee face or root side of the joint

where so indicated on the sketches.
3.12.2. The color of the completed weld indicates the effectiveness of
the secondary shielding used and is an indirect measure of the
degree of the weld contamination. A bright silver metallic luster
indicates good shielding practice. However, even this type of
weld may be contaminated if the material was dirty when
welded or contained A surface oxide layer from prior heating
operation.
3.12.3. The following color that may be encountered are listed in the
order of increasing levels of contamination : Light Straw. Dark
Straw, Light Blue, Dark Blue, Gray Blue, Gray White (loose
deposit).
3.12.4. In general, colors not exceeding the straws are acceptable for
most application, whereas the gray-blues and grays or
appearance of loose powdery substance are not.

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3.13 Cleaning
Each bead of welding must be thoroughly cleaned of all foreign
matter, including fingerprints and residue from the grinding wheel,
before welding proceeds.
3.14 Defect
Any crack, blowholes, contaminated areas or other defects which
appear in the base metal or in any bead of welding shall be removed
by grinding to sound metal thoroughly cleaned, and rewelded. Slight
surface irregularity is not a defect.
3.15 Peening
There shall be no peening
3.16 Treatment of underside of weld
The underside of the weld shall be as shown on the sketches.
3.17 Preheating and Post Heating
None, no welding shall be done when the temperature is below 32 F
(oC)

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3.18 Exceptions
No deviations from this welding procedure shall be made unless
specifically authorized by the ASME Code.
3.19 Procedure Qualification
3.19.1.Test specimens of the number and type specified in Section IX
of the ASME Code for Procedure Qualification shall be prepared
and welded in accordance with this welding procedure. Refer to
reference 50.1 for detail instruction, flat position only.
3.19.2.The above specimens shall be subjected to the tension and
bend test prescribed by the Code, except that the radius of the
bend should be four times the thickness of the specimen.
Longitudinal bend tests may be substituted for the transverse
bend test, if desired. The result of the test shall meet the Code
requirement; whereupon this procedure shall be considered to
be qualified for use in construction, alteration, and repair of the
ASME Code stamped pressure vessel.
3.20 Welder
Any welder, before being permitted to weld any pressure vessel under
this welding procedure shall satisfactorily pass a `` Performance
Qualification`` test prescribed in the ASME Code, and outlined in the
reference 50.1.
3.21 References
6.21.1.Supplementary Document No. 4 `` Welding Qualifications``
6.21.2.Supplementary Document No. 3 `` Welding Symbol``

4. LIST OF EXHIBIT
4.1. Exhibit 1 : EDGE PREPARATION.
4.2. Exhibit 2 : WELDING PARAMETER ON VARIOUS THICKNESS.
4.3. Exhibit 3 : LIST OF COMMONLY USED TITANIUM ALLOYS AND
FILLER METAL

4.4.

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EXHIBIT 1: EDGE PREPARATION

75
3/32 inch and less

3/32 inch to 1/2 inch

gap

0 inch to 1/16 inch gap

0 inch to 1/16 inch gap

75

1/32 ``

¼ `` to ½ ``

0 inch to 1/16 inch gap

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EXHIBIT 2: WELDING PARAMETER ON VARIOUS THICKNESS

Weld Type Single Welded Butt Joints Edge prepare Fig. 1-2 ; 150.3 Symbol
Position All

Gas Flow
Sequence
of Passes

Variation

Wire Dia
Pass No

Current

(Argon)
Passes
T

Pass
Total

Note
CFH
2 1 .047 120- 25-35

Weld First Pass by Fusion only (No Filler Metal) except 3/64 inch thickness which may be welded with or
1 140
3/64

1
2 +1 - 3/32 160- 25-35
3/32 180
1/8

2 +1 - 3/32 180- 25-35

2 200
3/16

1
¼ 3 4 1 - 3/32 190- 25-35
4 220
2
2
1
3 4 1 - 3/32 190- 25-35
4 220
5/16
& 2
without filler metal as desired

3/8
1
4 5 5 1 - 3/32 200- 25-35
240

½
3
2
1

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EXHIBIT 3: LIST OF COMMONLY USED TITANIUM ALLOYS AND FILLER METAL

ASTM UTS (min)

Composition Filler Metal Comments
Grade MPa
1 Ti-0.15 O2 240 ER Ti-1 Commercially
Pure
2 Ti-0.20 O2 340 ER Ti-2 Commercially
Pure
4 Ti-0.35 O2 550 ER Ti-4 Commercially
Pure
7 Ti-0.2 O2 - 0.2 340 ER Ti-7 Commercially
Pd Pure
9 Ti-3Al-2.5V 615 ER Ti-9 Tube
Component
5 Ti-6Al-4V 900 ER Ti-5ELI Aircraft Alloy
23 Ti-6Al-4V ELI 900 ER Ti-5ELI Low Interstisial
25 Ti-6Al-4V-0.06 900 Matching Corrosion
Pd Grade

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