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CONTINUE…
Look at the sentences below!
Andy reads quickly. This is a complete sentence as it contains a verb (reads),
expresses a complete idea and it does not need any further information for
the reader to understand the sentence.
When Andy reads is an incomplete sentence. It contains a verb, but the opening
word when tells us that something happens when Andy reads; we need
more information to complete the idea.
When Andy reads, he reads quickly. This is now a complete sentence, as the
whole idea of the sentence has been expressed. The following examples
show the incomplete sentences in italics
CONTINUE…
There is another theory. Which should not be ignored.
There is another theory which should not be ignored.
The proposal was finally rejected. Although they considered it.
Although they considered the proposal, it was finally rejected.
Note: To check that you are writing in complete sentences, try reading
your sentences aloud, pausing as indicated by the punctuation. Can
each sentence stand alone as a complete thought? If further
information is needed to complete the idea, then it is not a complete
sentence.
TYPE OF SENTENCES
 Sentences are made up of clauses: groups of words that
express a single idea. There are two types of
clauses: independent clauses and dependent clauses.
Independent clauses can stand alone as complete
sentences. A dependent clause needs an independent
clause to complete its meaning. Different types of
sentences are made up of different combinations of these
two types of clauses.
CONTINUE …
 Simple sentences consist of just one independent clause; it requires
only one punctuation mark at the end (a full stop, exclamation or
question mark).
The essay was late.
 Compound sentences are made by joining simple sentences. We
join sentences which are closely related in content to make the writing
more fluid. We can join simple sentences with a comma and a word
such as: and, but, so, yet.
The essay was late, so he lost marks.
We can also join simple sentences with a semi-colon.
The essay was late; he lost marks.
 Complex sentences are made when we combine an independent
clause with a dependent clause.
He lost marks because the essay was late
CONTINUE..
 The opposite of a complete sentence would be
an incomplete sentence, or a fragment. Usually,
a fragment is missing one of these necessary
components (a subject or a verb) and is not an
independent or complete thought. It generally
doesn't make any sense. In addition, another
opponent to the complete sentence is the run-on
sentence.
THE EXAMPLE OF INCOMPLETE SENTENCE
1) In the past, lions _______ common in many parts of the world.
A. were
B. once
C. when
D. Only
2) Vegetables are an excellent source ________ vitamins.
A. have
B. of
C. where
D. contain
3) Microscopes make small things appear larger than ________.
A. really are
B. are really
C. are they really
D. they really are
4) “What did you study at the college?” “I … Foreign language”.
a. studied
b. have studied
c. study
d. is studying
5) Nobody knows why … postponed until next week.
a. the meeting
b. was the meeting
c. did the meeting
d. the meeting was
6) … he would have been able to pass the exam.
a. If he studied hard
b. If he studies more
c. If he had studied more
d. If he was studied more
7) Duke Ellington wrote … during his career.
a. That over a thousand songs
b. Over a thousand songs
c. Over a thousand songs were
d. There were over a thousand songs
8) When henry arrived home after a hard day at work, …
a. his wife was sleeping
b. his wife slept
c. his wife has slept
d. his wife has been sleeping
9) We … in Bandar lampung since 2010
a. Are lived
b. Lived
c. Are living
d. Have lived
10) If I were you, I __________ request a raise.
A. Would have
B. Could have
C. Might have
D. Would
11) When the photocopier jams, I always get Jason _______ it.
A. Fix
B. To fix
C. To correct
D. Fixing
12) Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes _______ they both emit hot
liquids from below the Earth's surface.

A. due to
B. because
C. in spite of
D. regardless of