Telephone System

By : Warsun Najib
Telepon System Concept
 Telephone network is often called as PSTN (Public Switch
Telephone Network)
 Telephone Device
 Central Office (CO)
suatu istilah untuk menggambarkan pusat jaringan telepon (dalam
suatu kota). Tugasnya menyediakan daya untuk telepon, me-routing
panggilan, merekam tagihan telepon, dsb.
 Trunk (E1)
 Link/kabel between CO to other CO
 Local Loop
Pasangan kabel telepon yang terhubung antara central office dan
pesawat telepon rumah (kantor).
 Switch
Perangkat yang me-route komunikasi ke bagian (tempat) yang lain.
 Pada awalnya, switch terbuat dari banyak switch-switch mekanik
 Saat ini, mayoritas switch adalah elektronis, bahkan digital.
 Digital switches lebih reliable, dan menawarkan banyak keuntungan
 Distribution Network
 MDF
 Rumah Kabel
 Telephone Set
Hook Switch

Hibrid 1
Speaker
•Pemisah mic
dengan speaker
Dialer
•Penekan nada
Mic samping
Bell

Standby : Hoook switch is on position 1, Idc from CO does not come, Ringing
signal (ac) can activate Bell
Busy : Switch is off-hook (hook-switvh on position 2),
Telephone : Off-Hook / Busy

H D
Dialing System
 DTMF (Dual tone multi frequency)
 Rotary Switch
Dual Tone Multi-frequency
Kolom 1 Kolom 2 Kolom 3
[1209 Hz] [1336 Hz] [1477 Hz]

Baris 1 [697 Hz] 11 22 33

Baris 2[770 Hz] 44 55 66

Baris 3[852 Hz] 77 88 99

Baris 4[941 Hz] ** 00 #

#
DTMF
i(t)
Digit ‘1’ Digit ‘6’
space

T T

Periode T > 100 ms depend on how fast finger push

the button (normally 250 ms)
 Dialing : Rotary Switch
0
‘1’ one stop pulse 9
8
‘2’ two stop pulse
7
‘3’ three stop pulse
… 6
‘0’ ten stop pulse
5

2
1
Rotary switch dialing system

i(t)

Off-hook Dial a number

‘3’ ‘2'
space

t
0
T/3 T :100 ms ≥ 4T
 Subscriber link signal (Link Voltage)
Volt Bell, ringing
100 voltage
Dialing voice
pulse
50 On-hook Off-hook

Incoming
0

-50 ingoing Outgoing

I:16-20
48 V mA, Δv: 48 V 0,5-1 V 1-2 V
-100 6-8 V ΔI: 18 mA

-150
20 Hz, 90 Vrms,
2 s on, 3 s off
 Switching Element
Central Office

SLIC trunk To/from

other CO
SLIC trunk
Switching Device

SLIC

Pengisyaratan Controller Pengisyaratan

register

Controller can be :
SLIC : Subscriber Line
•Sentralized Interface Circuit
•Distributed at signaling and switcing Device
Switching System
Step By Step,
Each digit activates directly one
switching-level, except the last 2
digit usually connected to 2- 3054
dimension switch

3 0 5 4

Call Switch Switch Switch Switch

Finder level 1 level 2 level 3 level 4
Common Control
 Each digit of dialed number is first stored
in a register at CO, then if the destination
number is not busy, call is routed to the
phone.
Switching Process of Telephone Call
Caller lift handset / off hook

CO find the available link

No
Get a link
Yes

CO send dial-tone to caller

Caller dial the destination number

 CO make switching process

yes Is dialed number no

free (not busy) ?
CO send busy tone
CO send:
to caller phone
•Ringing signal to dialed phone
•Ringing tone to caller phone
(tuut – tuut…..)

Called phone No
Call drop
Off hook
yes

Call success
Voice Signaling
Nama
NamaSSignal
ignal Ke
Kegunaan
gunaan
Off-hook Me mbe ritahu CO bahwa us e r
Off-hook Me mbe ritahu CO bahwa us e r
ingin me lakukan panggilan
ingin me lakukan panggilan
Dial tone Me mbe ritahu us e r bahwa CO
Dial tone Me mbe ritahu us e r bahwa CO
s udah s iap me layani (re ady)
s udah s iap me layani (re ady)
Ringback tone Me mbe ritahu us e r bahwa
Ringback tone Me mbe ritahu us e r bahwa
te le pon te rtuju s e dang
te le pon te rtuju s e dang
be rde ring
be rde ring
Ringing voltage TeTegangan te rte ntu yang
gangan te rte ntu yang
Ringing voltage
dikirim untuk me mbunyikan
dikirim untuk me mbunyikan
be l
be l
Bus y s ignal Me mbe ritahu us e r bahwa
Bus y s ignal Me mbe ritahu us e r bahwa
te le pon te rtuju s e dang s ibuk
te le pon te rtuju s e dang s ibuk
On-hook Me mbe ritahu CO bahwa us e r
On-hook Me mbe ritahu CO bahwa us e r
Private Branch eXchange
. Common
. Subscriber
.

CO m ext-link
2201

. 2202
.
.
1302
n main link
PBX
90XXXX

Operator
PBX is categorized:
 PMBX private manual branch exchange
 Both intern and extern call is handled by an operator
 PABX-private automatic branch exchange
 Intern call is automatic
 Extern call
 Automatic if the device has DID (direct inward dialing)
 Via operator If device does not have DID
 If n >1 (link between co-pbx)
 User call via one number if PABX has hunting system
 User can call via n different number if PABX doesn’t have
hunting system.
 Advantage of PBX
 Cost
 Probability of success call
Numbering System
 Open System
 Close System
 Network from CO to Subscriber
LE Primary network

-
MDF
CCP CCP

MDF 2000 pairs

DP
CCP 50 pairs
DP
DP:10 pairs

DP
PBX

Secondary network

MDF,CCP,DP are in a form of cable switching terminal

 Network Between LE

Regional Regional
Central Central

Toll Toll Toll Toll Toll Toll

Central Central Central Central Central Central

LE LE LE LE LE LE
yk1 yk2 yk3

One local area