ACCOMODATIONS

History of Accomodations or Lodging Industry

❖ Since the beginning of history, there has been some form of lodging
industry. The lodging industry developed because of the need to
provide accomodations to travelers. The Industrial Revolution and the
development of spas helped growth of the hotel industry because of
the demand accomodations people who migrated to the cities to work.
The development of the railways led to the establishments of hotels
near the railroad station. The introduction and development of the
automobile industry led to the building of roadside hotels or motels. In
the 1960’s, resort hotels were developed due to popularity of the sun
vacation. A recent development is the establishment of hotel chains
and the overseas expansion of these chains
 Types of Accomodations
❖Hotels
❖Motels or Motor Hotels
❖Resort Hotels
❖Pensions
❖Paradors
❖Condominium Hotels
❖Campgrounds
❖Bed and Breakfast
❖Tourist Inns
❖Apartment Hotels (Apartels)
❖Health Spas
❖Private Homers
❖Time-sharing
❖Hostels
 HOTELS – can be a 10-room
boarding house or a building that has a
thousand or more rooms, conventions
and meeting facilities, recreation facilities
such as swimming pools and tennis
courts, 24hrs room service, with several
restaurants and bars and various types of
entertainment.

MOTELS or MOTOR
HOTELS – normally, motels only
offer rooms only and free parking to
guests. These are often found along
busy highways and cater primarily to
transient and cost-conscious travelers.
 RESORT HOTELS –
are intented for vacation
travelers. These hotels range
from budget to luxury and can
accommodate these travelers
and even convention
delegates.

PENSIONS – are found

principally in Europe. These are
usually family-owned
accommodation facilities. Pension
also called Gasthaus.
 PARADORS – are unique to
Spain. These are generally old castles,
convents, or monasteries that have
been converted into hotels by the
government.

CONDOMINIUM HOTELS –
are a recent innovation. These are often
hotels with apartments (condominium)
instead of basic rooms. The condominium
units are sold by the hotel developers to
individuals who are given a title to the
physical estate.
 CAMPGROUNDS - is a
popular form of overnight
accommodation in both Europe and
North America. It usually appeal to
families who travel in stopping spots
are often found in government parks
and forest.

BED AND BREAKFAST – is

a form of lodging which originated in
Europe. This form of accommodation
provides a bed for the night and
breakfast for the next day.
 TOURIST INNS - are lodging
establishments that cater to transients.
These do not normally meet the
minimum requirements of an economy
hotel.

APARTMENT HOTELS
(apartels) – are building which contain
several independent and furnished or semi-
furnished apartments. These are leased to
tourists and travelers on a long-term basis and
offer services to its tenant, similar to hotels.
 HEALTH SPAS – are hotels and
resorts which cater to people who go to
spas for mineral springs for medical
treatment or weight reduction.

PRIVATE HOMERS – is the

earliest form of overnight lodging for
travelers. It provides lodging to tourists
who cannot be accommodated in hotels
and motesl during peak vacation periods.
 TIME-SHARING – is a more
recent unique type of accommodation.
The resort would rent the units during the
time when the owner was not in
residence, thus providing an income to
help with the payments.

HOSTELS – provide basic

amenities such as bunk bed and a
commomly shared toilet and
bathroom. The travelers provides his
or her own bedding.
 Classification of Hotels
• There are different ways of classifying hotels.

1. Location
2. Type of guest, and
3. Price.
⮚ Location
- hotels may be center-city, suburban, airport, or highway.
⮚ Guest type
- hotels are classified as commercial, conventions, or resort.

⮚ Price
- hotels are categorized as economy, standard, first class, deluxe.
 Rating Systems
⮚ A number of independent rating guides have been published by individuals,
automobile associations, and travel organizations using various combinations of
star, dots, and alphabetical indicators. Most rating systems are based on the
quality of the physical structure, furnishings, maintenance, housekeeping, and
overall service.

The following are used to rate hotels, motels, inns, resorts, and guests ranches:
1. 1-star = Good, better than average;
2. 2-star = Very good;
3. 3-star = Excellent:
4. 4-star = Outstanding; and
5. 5-star = One of the best in the country.
 Organization of the Lodging Indusrty

⮚ A hotel organization can be large or complex. A typical hotel has

seven major divisions, namely: personnel, engineering and
maintenance, accounting, security, food and beverage, marketing
and sales, and room division. Each division is run by its own division
head.
1. The personnel division recruits new employees and administers
policies and employee benefits for the company.
2. The engineering and maintenance division makes the necessary
repairs and implements the hotel’s energy management program.
3. The accounting division handles the financial activities of the
operation which include payment of bills, sending out statements,
payroll, and compiling monthly income statement.
4. The security division provides protection for both employees and
guests.
5. The food and beverage division is responsible for the food and
beverages that are serve.
6. The marketing division is responsible for selling rooms and food
service. It is involved in advertising, development of promotional
materials, and making direct contacts with prospective clients.
7. The room division is responsible for the frontdesk, telephone
reservations, and housekeeping department.
 Management Methods

⮚ Traditionally, hotels operated by the people who own the property, in

some cases, the operator may lease the hotel from the owner and
then manage it. In other cases, special arrangement are made such as
franchising and management contacts.
⮚ Franchising
- hotels that are franchised are usually owned and operated by the
same person or company. The hotel operator od franchisee signs a
contract with the franchisor to maintain certain operating standard and to
use the franchise name on the hotel or motel.
⮚ Management contact
- are a recent phenomenon. Although the first management contract
was signed in 1946 by the international hotels, it was only in the 1970s
that management contracts become widespread.
 Chain Accomodation Operations

⮚ Most hotels or motels are part of a chain operation. The individual

units in the chain may all be owned by one large company, be partly
owned and partly franchised, or may all be franchised.
⮚ Referral Groups
- have become popular because the individual owner or operator can
remain independent while achieving many of the benefits of a chain
group.
⮚ Hotel Terminology
- room rates for hotels are quoted in terms of what meal included in
the price.
⮚ Room Rates
- the maximum rates that hotels charge for a room normally depend
on the number of people occupying it.
 Hotel Profitability

•  
•  
 Double Occupancy Rooms
⮚ Occupancy percentage is not usually the best measure of marketing
success for a hotel because it does not show whether the revenue is
being maximized. Whether a room is occupied by one person or by
two persons, the occupancy percentage will not change, but the
revenue obtained will be changed. It is for this reason that hotels
determine the occupancy and the double occupancy rate which is the
number of rooms occupied by more than one person.
•  
 Average Rate Per Room Occupied

•  
 Average Daily Rate Per Guest

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 Accomodation Reservation

⮚ Many large hotels have computerized reservations systems. However,

despite these systems, overbooking still occurs. Overbooking is selling
more rooms than the actuak available rooms. Hotels do it for a reason.
 Registration cards

⮚ Accomodation establishments use the guest registration card as a

marketing tool.
 Hotels and Airlines
⮚ According to Lane (1994), there are three major reasons why airline
companies link with hotels. These are:
* Their desire to protect insisting business and develop future
business, thus increasing profits;
* The expectation that hotel ownership will boost tourism
development in their home countries; and
* The desire to expand national culture.
 Accomodation Promotion
⮚ Most accommodation establishments promote their properties to members of the
travel trade as well as to tour wholesalers and travel agencies.
⮚ They provide the travel trade with printed promotional literature and invite them as
guests on familiariazation trip.
⮚ Hotels use the direct mail approach to groups who would like to hold meetings,
conventions, or conference in the hotel.
⮚ Accomodation establishments also use newspapers for promotion.
⮚ Resort hotels advertise on magazines, on television, and by direct mail.
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