Four (4) types of Delusions Schizophrenia

1.1. Delusion of Persecution 1.2. Delusion Of Grandeur -client’s claim to

involve the client’s belief that association with famous people or celebrities.
others are planning to harm or
spying her/him.
1.3. Religious Delusions - often
center around the second coming of
Christ or another significant religious
Schizophrenia
figure or prophet.
1.4. Somatic Delusions - vague and unrealistic beliefs
about the client’s health or body function.
 NURSING INTERVENTIONS
FOR DELUSIONS Schizophrenia
• Never confront, argue, debate
• Present reality in matter-of-fact
• Talk about facts, real people, things NURSING DIAGNOSIS FOR
ALTERED THOUGHT
DELUSION
& events
PROCESS
• Avoid distraction
2. HALLUCINATIONS - false
sensory perception
CUES:
1. stop talking in the middle of
conversation.
2. assumes listening pose.
3. mouthing words.
Schizophrenia
NURSING INTERVENTIONS FOR
HALLUCINATIONS
• Validate observations
• Reality-based activities
• Talk to reinforce reality
• Note for command hallucinations
• Let client hum / open mouth wide
• Don’t discuss, argue, or reinforce hallucinations.
NURSING DIAGNOSIS FOR
HALLUCINATIONS
ALTERED SENSORY
PERCEPTIONS
 PSYCHOPATHOLOGY OF
SCHIZOPHRENIA Schizophrenia
NONMODIFIABLE MODIFIABLE
FACTORS FACTORS
CHANGES IN NEURAL ACTIVITY:
• GENETICS • Environment
SYMPTOMS
• Neurostructural (social &
problems psychological
(increased factors) POSITIVE SYMPTOMS NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS
dopamine) • DELUSIONS • AFFECTIVE
• HALLUCINATIONS DISTURBANCE (flat
• ILLUSION affect)
• ASSOCIATIVE LOOSENESS • AUTISM (difficulty in
NEURO-CHEMICAL CHANGES • AMBIVALENCE social interaction)
• Excessive neurotransmitters • ECHOLALIA • ANHEDONIA
(dopamine & serotonin) • ECHOPRAXIA • ALOGIA
• FLIGHT OF IDEAS • ANERGIA
• PARANOIA • AVOLITION
NEURODEVELOPMENTAL
ABNORMALITIES

SCHIZOPHRENIA