OBLIGATION

MODALS- REVIEW
MODALITY- ADDS A CERTAIN KIND OF MEANING
TO THE BARE INFINITIVE.

MUST

DON’T SHOULD
HAVE TO/ (NOT)
PARK YOUR CAR HERE.
DOESN’T
WEAR UNIFORM.
HAVE TO
SMOKE IN THIS AREA.
BE PUNCTUAL.
DRINK WATER IN CLASS.
SLEEP IN CLASS.
HAVE TO/ PUT OFF DOING YOUR MUSTN’T
HAS TO HOMEWORK.
LEAVE THINGS UNTIL THE LAST
MINUTE.
MEET THE DEADLINE.

CAN CAN’T
Match the functions with the sentences.

A. She doesn’t have to pay at the entrance.

The event is free to all members.
1. IT’S A GOOD IDEA!
2. IT IS NOT A GOOD IDEA! B. Examinees have to obey the rules during the
exam.

3. IT’S NOT NECESSARY. YOU DON’T NEED TO DO.

C. You should prioritise tasks before you start
4. IT’S NECESSARY. YOU HAVE NO OTHER
studying.
CHOICE!

D. You shouldn’t procrastinate, but plan your

5. IT IS IMPORTANT YOU DON’T DO IT. time!
6. IT IS IMPORTANT THAT YOU DO IT.
E. You mustn’t be late!

7. IT IS PROHIBITED! YOU AREN’T ALLOWED. F. You mustn’t smoke here.

G. You must listen to the lesson carefully and

take notes.
Idea/ Advice Necessity/Rule Importance Prohibition

What should I do You have to bring your You must You mustn’t
to improve my own pen to the study hard talk during the
speaking skill? examination hall. before midterm exam.
exam.
-You shouldn’t You don’t have to bring
hesitate to your own pen because
participate in they provide one for
class. each student.

*’’have to’’ and ‘’must’’ can give the same meaning

(necessity or importance.) ‘’Have to’’ is stronger than
‘’must’’ and means a rather external interference.
You have to work hard./ You must work hard.
Rephrasing
• Students have to keep their phones closed during the exam.
Students __________________________. (allow to use)

It isn’t necessary for her to take a jacket.

She __________________________________.

You should see the dentist.

I __________________________________. (advise)

He had permission to go to the party.

He _______________________________.

You can’t park here.

It __________________________________. (forbidden)
• Students aren’t allowed to use their phone during the
exam.

• She doesn’t have to take a jacket.

• I advise you to see a dentist.

• He can go to the party./ He is allowed to go to the party.

• It’s forbidden to park here.

Questioning
1. You have to read 12 pages before coming to the class.

________________________________________?

2. Sally has to call the parents of the each student in class.

________________________________________?

3. If you want to be a millionaire, you have to work hard.

______________________ to become a millionaire?

4. No, he doesn’t have to bring anything.

_________________________________________?

5. Yes, I had to work very hard before the military exam.

__________________________________________?
• How many pages do we have to read?

• Who has to call the parents of each students in class?

• What do I have to do to become a millionaire?

• Does he have to bring anything?

• Did you have to work very hard before the military exam?
 What do I have to
do to use time w
is ely?

rep a rato ry class this ye ar?

do to p ass p
What do I have to

What do I have to
do to become a
millionaire?

to le ar n new w ords?
v e to d o
What do I ha

What do I hav
e to do to becom
e a fluent spea
ker?

av e to do to b e come famous?
What do I h
MODALS
• I have gained much weight. I must give up eating
chocolate. ( personal obligation)

• Cadets have to wear uniforms at Turkish Air Force

Academy. ( It’s a school rule).

• You mustn’t park here because it is not allowed.

• Students mustn’t sleep in the classroom as it is

forbidden!