CHARACTERISTICS OF

TEMPERATURE TRANSDUCERS
Presentation By: Subhadeep Patra
Enrollment No: AU/2020/0004922
Roll No: PG/05/MSPHY/2020/006
Adamas University
WHAT IS TRANSDUCERS ?

 A transducer is a device that converts energy from one

form to another. Usually a transducer converts a signal in
one form of energy to a signal in another.
WHAT IS TEMPERATURE TRANSDUCERS
?

 a temperature transducer is an instrument used to convert

the thermal energy of the substances into electrical form.
In other words, it is a piece of electrical equipment
applied for automated measuring of temperature. So the
purpose of the temperature transducer is to measure the
temperature of the material in a readable format.
PRINCIPLE FEATURES OF
TEMPERATURE TRANSDUCERS :
 The input to a temperature transducer is invariably the
thermal quantities.
 They regularly transform the thermal amount into an
electrical one.
 They are typically utilized for the determination of the
temperature.
TYPES OF TEMPERATURE TRANSDUCERS :

 Thermocouple
 Semiconductor temperature transducers

 Thermistors and etc.

WHAT IS THERMISTORS ?

 The word thermistor is a summarized form of “Thermal

Resistor”. As the name implies, it is a device in which
resistance varies with the temperature change. They are
extensively employed for the measurements of the
temperature due to their high sensitivity. They are
regularly called the ideal temperature transducer.
Thermistors are commonly comprised of a mixture of
metallic oxides.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THERMISTORS :

 Thermistors have various types and applications; however,

they have some common characteristics as follows:

 They have a “Negative Thermal Coefficient”, i.e., the

thermistor resistance diminishes with an increment in
temperature.
 They are produced from semiconductor materials.

 They are generally more sensitive than “Thermocouples”

and “Resistance Thermometers”.
 Their resistance extends within 0.5 Ω to 0.75 MΩ

 They are generally employed in applications with a

temperature range between -60 oC to 15 oC.
CHARATERISTICS CURVE OF
THERMISTORS
SEMICONDUCTOR TEMPERATURE
TRANSDUCERS :

 A semiconductor-based temperature sensor works with

dual integrated circuits (ICs). They contain two similar
diodes with temperature-sensitive voltage and current
characteristics to measure the temperature changes
effectively. However, they give a linear output but, are
less accurate at 1 °C to 5 °C.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
SEMICONDUCTOR TRANSDUCERS :
 Major characteristics of semiconductor thermometers
include:

 They provide reasonably linear output.

 They are available in moderately small sizes

 They are not capable enough to measure high

temperatures. Their temperature range is typically
limited between -40 to +120°C.
 They give fairly accurate temperature readings if
properly calibrated.
 They offer very small interchangeability.
CHARACTERISTICS CURVE OF
SEMICONDUCTOR TRANSDUCERS :
THERMOCOUPLE :

 Thermocouples are a type of temperature transducers

consisting of two junctions of different metals, such as
constantan and copper, welded together. One junction is
maintained at a fixed temperature named the reference
(cold) junction, and the other one is the measuring (hot)
junction. This temperature difference among two
junctions produces a voltage generated across the
junction utilized to measure the temperature. The
phenomenon is designated as the Seebeck effect, in
which a temperature gradient is formed along the
conducting wires creating an electromagnetic field
(EMF). The producing voltage from the thermocouple is
a function of the temperature variations.
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THERMOCOUPLE :

 Their main advantage is the capability of vast

temperature range measurement compared to
(Registance Temperature Detector) RTDs and
thermistors (-200 oC to over +2000 oC).
 They are the Active Transducers, which means they do
not require any external source to measure temperatures
like Thermistors and Resistance Temperature Detectors.
 They are more affordable than Thermistors.

 They have lower accuracy compared to Thermistors and

RTDs; thus, generally, they are not utilized for high
accuracy applications.
PRECAUTIONS/DISCUSSIONS:
1.THE POINTS OF CONTACT OF TERMINALS SHOULD NOT ADD ANY INSULATING PART OF WIRES.
2. THE INITIAL TEMPERATURE AND FINAL TEMPERATURE MUST BE MEASURED ACCURATELY.
3.THE CONNECTING WIRE OF THERMISTOR MUST BE LONG ENOUGH IN ORDER TO ENABLE THE
THERMISTOR TO DIP THOROUGHLY IN THE WATER.
4.THE HEATING ARRANGEMENT MUST BE KEPT AT A SUITABLE DISTANCE AWAY FROM THE REST OF THE
CIRCUIT.
5. HEATING MUST BE DONE SLOWLY.
THANK YOU