Damages to structures during earthquakes

MANSI Apartment, Ahmedabad

MANSI Apartment, Ahmedabad
Sikhar Apartment, Ahmedabad
C-Shape in Plan, 10-Storey Building
 Collapse of Open Ground Floor
Columns

G+4 Building at Anjar

G+4 Building at Ahmedabad
 G+1 Building at Manfar (20 km)
G+3 Building at Ahmedabad
(250 km)
 Plastic Hinges in columns
Causes:
i) Absence of wall
ii) Improper shear Reinforcement
IS13920:1993 => Confining Reinf.
Stirrups spacing ?
Plastic hinges in columns
Manfar Village (20km)
Water tanks
At Manfar
Rectangular
tank
Frame staging
Built by Society
IITK
Railway Platform bridge at Samkhayali
Newly Constructed Bridge near Vondh
Within 20 km from epicenter
Killari Earthquake,
1993
Damages at Andman Nicobar during 26th
December 2004 earthquake
Building Plan
 NO YES
Building Plan

IIT-R
 Column orientation in plan

Direction of
Earthquake

Weak in one direction

Equal stiffness in all direction

Sikhar Apartment, Ahmedabad
C-Shape in Plan, 10-Storey Building
•Building toppled from plinth level
•Inadequate ties at plinth level
•Isolated footings without tie beams
•Parking floor at Ground
•Lift core was made of Brick wall
•Columns aligned in one direction
•No consideration to connection between
wings C- Shape buildings
•Inadequate links in columns
 Building Elevation
NO YES

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 IIT-R

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Heavy Mass at Top
 Heavy mass at top should be avoided

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Smaller water tank at top is preferred

2m 2F

Heavy mass at the top

m F

m
F

m F
Layout of Mansi Apartment
Mansi Apartment, Ahmedabad
• 4-block, 10 Storey building
•Heavy weight at top; Reportedly
had swimming pool at the top
• 100 t of additional weight on
terrace
• 1 to 1.5 m projections at top floor
• Open Parking floor at Ground
•Columns aligned along N-S
direction
•Tremor was in E-W direction
MANSI Apartment, Ahmedabad
Large projected parts
 IIT-R

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Large projections not allowed IIT-R

Floating column not allowed

 Height of parapet wall
should be small

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Floating column Effects
• Severe stresses at corner junction
• Should be designed for five times
higher seismic forces (IS 1893:1984)

All the projected parts of building

should be designed for 5 times
higher seismic forces
Floating columns in Buildings
Soft Storey at First Floor
Building with open ground floor
Soft Storey at Ground Floor

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Plastic hinges in all the
columns of open ground floor
 Collapse of Open Ground Floor
Columns

G+4 Building at Anjar

G+4 Building at Ahmedabad
 G+1 Building at Manfar (20 km)
G+3 Building at Ahmedabad
(250 km)
 Plastic Hinges in columns
Causes:
i) Absence of wall
ii) Improper shear Reinforcement
IS13920:1993 => Confining Reinf.
Stirrups spacing ?
Plastic hinges in columns
 Alternate solution for parking floor

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RCC Wall at corners
Larger size of column
Planning of Building (IS 4326)
 Effect of Short column

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Foundation of Building
 Foundation (Isolated footings)

Tie Beams
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Foundation systems
Sikhar, Ahmedabad
 Foundation on liquefiable soil

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Reinforcement
 IIT-R
Reinforcement in RCC
Members

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(IS 13920)
Manfar Village (20km)
Tearing/Tilting of Buildings
Thank You