Infant Care

Concepts
Jessica C. Villano, RN
 Table of Contents

01 02 03
Infant’s
Infant’s Bath Infant’s Suctioning CPR
Infant’s Bath

01
 Objectives
● To keep the baby’s skin clean
● To refresh the baby
● To stimulate the circulation
● To prevent infection
● To closely observe the body for evidence of any abnormalities and to note infant’s
growth and development
● To induce sleep
● To enhance self-esteem
● To promote comfort
 Infant’s Bath Introduction

● Child rearing practices during the first year vary from country to country.
● The amount of bathing that is done is also inconsistent across cultures.
● Unless contraindicated most infants can be bathed in a basin at the bedside or
on the bed, or in a standard bath tub located on the unit which is often
conveniently adapted for pediatric use.
● Asp per WHO infant age group is 0 month to 1 years old
 Definition
Defined as cleaning the skin of the
baby for promoting hygiene and
comfort in the home setting.

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 DOH Guidelines

● Bathing earlier than 6 hours of life.

● Wiping or removal of vernix caseosa if present
 Nursing Consideration
● Assessment of the skin before
bath
1. Rashes
Take note of the following: 2. Lesions
1. Color,
3. Erythema (reddening of the skin)
2. Moisture 4. Infection
3. Temperature
5. Inflamation
4. Texture 6. Hirsutism (excessive hair growth)
5. Turgor (skin’s elasticity)
6. Vascularity (blood vessels)
7. Edema
8. Pruritis (itchy skin)
 Types of Bath

 Lap bath
 Sponge bath
 Tub bath
● Lap bath - Bathing the baby keeping on the lap. Here the mother sits
on a stool and can sponge and change his dress on her lap itself. So
there is no need of having additional stool.

● Sponge bath - Bathing the baby in bed

● Tub bath – this is the most common method of giving bath to the baby.
 General Instructions for Giving
Bath
● Use a warm room and water
● Bath quickly and gently
● Dry quickly and gently
● Never leave the baby unattended in a bath tub or table
● First baby bath at home: After the cord falls and umbilicus is fully
healed (within 7th-10th day)
○ Before the 7th-10th day stick with sponge baths; recommendation is thrice
a week.
 General Instructions for Giving
Bath

● Make sure the baby is not tired or hungry

● Don’t bath the baby if he is fed within an hour to avoid vomiting.
● There should be a fixed time for baby bath.
● Clothing should be selected based on weather and the environment
● Water temp should be 98-100F or 37-38C
 General Instructions for Giving
Bath

● Soap should be mild without hexachlorophene base and avoid talcum

powders as it contains zink stearate

To avoid skin irritation and to avoid respiratory tract irritation of the baby
 Materials Needed:

● Water basin or bath tub

● Water
● Wash cloth
● Dry towels or bath blanket
● Hypoallergenic soap
● Clean Clothes
● Non sterile gloves
Proceed to watching the
Initial Demonstration
Video Tutorial on Infant’s
Bath on your Google
Classroom
Infant’s
Suctioning

02
 Definition:
SUCTIONING
Suctioning is the mechanical aspiration of
pulmonary secretions through a catheter connected to
a suction machine

INFANT

Ages 0-12 mos

 Purposes

● Maintaining the patient airway by removing the

secretions
● Prevention of respiratory tract infection from
lodgement of secretions
● To facilitate respiratory ventilation.
● To obtain specimen for diagnosis purposes.
 Materials
● Sterile normal saline or water
● Goggles or face shield if appropriate
● Moisture resistant disposable bag
● Sputum trap if specimen is to be collected
● Suction catheter kit ( Yankauer suction catheter)
● Oxygen source
● Water soluble lubricant
● Suction machine apparatus with tubing, collection
receptacle, and a suction pressure gauge
● Towel or moisture resistant pad
● Sterile gloves
 Special consideration
Amount of negative pressure for
suctioning
Portable Suction
Wall suction unit
unit
Adult 8-15 mm of Hg 100-120 mmHg
Children
5-8 mmHg 50-100mm Hg
Infant
3-5 mm Hg 40-60mm Hg
 Special consideration
Assess for clinical signs indicating the
need for suctioning.
 Visible or audible secretions
 Decreased oxygen saturation levels,
increased pCO2
 Changes in respiratory rate and pattern
with increased tidal volume
 Change in skin color
 Decrease oxygen saturation
Oropharyngeal suctioning

● Insert the catheter to mouth ( fingers off the

port during insertion)

● Advance the catheter along one side of the

mouth into the oropharynx
 Nasopharygeal suctioning
• without applying any suction. Insert the
catheter to the pre measured or
recommended distance into the nares
and advance it along the floor of nasal
cavity

NOTE: Do not force catheter against

obstruction
Use 1 suction catheter for oral
and 1 suction catheter for nares
 Proceed to watching the
Initial Demonstration
Video Tutorial on Infant’s
Suctioning on your Google
Classroom
NOTE: This procedure will not be performed
during PRD and GRD as suction equipment
is required. However this is included in our
concepts and its demonstration will be
performed prior to clinical rotation once
resumed.
Infant’s Cardio
Pulmonary
Resuscitation (1
Rescuer)

03
 DEFINITION

CARDIO PULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR )

● is the basic life saving skill used in the event of cardiac, respiratory or cardio
pulmonary arrest to maintain tissue oxygenation by providing external cardiac
compression and/or artificial respiration.
●It is initiated when an infant is found without or develops absence of a pulse or
respiration or both.
⮚ It is the first aid procedure intended to
revive a heart and lung arrest within 3 to
4 minutes from the time the heartbeat and
breathing stops to prevent death or
irreversible brain damage
 CABD’s of LIFE SUPPORT

●Providing artificial CIRCULATION through the use of external chest compression

● Opening and Maintaining the AIRWAY
●Providing ventilation through rescue BREATHING
●Delivers shock by DEFIBRILLATION to restart the heart
 MATERIALS NEEDED

●Hard surface
●Glove
●Bag valve mask
●Oral airway
 MATERIALS NEEDED

● Emergency resuscitation cart

● Documentation forms
 OPEN THE AIRWAY
● HEAD – tilt Chin lift Maneuver.
 CHECK FOR BREATHING

LOOK…….
LISTEN…..
FEEL……..
MOUTH to MOUTH and NOSE
BAG-VALVE MASK
 CHECK FOR CIRCULATION

Use Brachial
Pulse
30 compressions :2 breaths ratio
Proceed to watching the
Initial Demonstration
Video Tutorial on Infant’s
CPR on your Google
Classroom