Chap-4: Important Organisations

• OISD
• BIS
• CPCB
• SPCB
• BS
• ISO
• NE Hydrocarbon Policy 2020
OIL INDUSTRY SAFETY
DIRECTORATE (OISD)
 OVERVIEW

• (Oil Industry Safety Directorate) is a technical

directorate under the Ministry of Petroleum and
Natural Gas that formulates and coordinates the
implementation of a series of self-regulatory
measures aimed at enhancing the safety in the oil
& gas industry in India.
 OBJECTIVES

• To formulate and standardize procedures and guidelines in the

areas of design, operation and maintenance.
• To conduct audits to ensure compliance to such standards.
• To analyze & investigate incidents happening to the oil & gas
industry to identify root cause and formulate action plan for.
FUNCTIONING OF OISD

• Consists of a small core group of technical experts of various

disciplines.
• Headed by an Executive Director.
• Gets its directions and guidance from the Safety Council(the apex
body consisting of senior officials of the Ministry of Petroleum and
Natural Gas, chief executives of oil/gas companies).
• OISD coordinates with experts from the industry through various
committees to carry out its major activities.
• Does not dilute the responsibilities of the Chief Executives of the oil
industry, who are ultimately responsible for the safety measures in
their organizations.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
1. Standardization
• Major activities of OISD.
• Required to keep abreast of the latest design and operating
practices in the areas of safety and fire fighting in the
hydrocarbon processing industry in the developed countries .
• OISD standards are periodically reviewed to update them in
line with the current international practices.
• Six OISD standards have been included in The Petroleum
Rules (OISD STD 105,OISD STD 116,OISD STD 117,OISD
STD 118,OISD STD 141,OISD STD 156)
• Five OISD standards have been included in  the Gas Cylinder
Rules (OISD STD 144,OISD STD 150,OISD STD 169,OISD
STD 179,OISD STD 210) .
2. External Safety Audits

• Conducted regularly to check compliance w.r.t. implementation of safety

standards.
• Critical examinations of all the components of the safety management
system .
• Management policy, management attitude towards safety, safety training,
review of plant layouts, operating/inspection/maintenance procedures,
emergency preparedness plans, usage of personal protective equipment,
fire/accident records, fire protection etc, are integral part of the ESAs.
3. Off-shore Safety Regulations

• OISD is a member of International Regulators Forum (IRF-a group of

leading offshore safety regulators of the world). Aim of IRF is to improve
offshore safety through collaboration, joint programmes and sharing
information in the global offshore oil and gas industry.

• OISD and IRF exchange information on offshore safety issues, lessons

learnt from accidents, industry best practices, safety alerts and measuring
effectiveness of regulatory activities by participating in IRFFs working
groups and safety meetings.
4. Safety Awards
• Safety performance of the organisations in the oil industry is
regularly evaluated based on the hazard potential, total loss and
safety management system. through a safety awards scheme
instituted by the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas.
• The safety awards are given in the following categories:
1. Refineries
2. POL Marketing Organisations
3. LPG Marketing Organisations
4. Oil & Gas Assets
5. Cross Country Pipelines
6. Lube Oil Blending Plants
7. Other Processing Organisations
 5. Training Workshops

• Technical workshops covering all activities of hydrocarbon sector are

organized to discuss latest developments, sharing of experiences etc.
• Case studies of major incidents are presented/discussed to prevent
recurrence of similar incidents.
• Special programme to enhance construction safety has been developed for
imparting training to workers and supervisors at site.
• International conferences and exhibitions are organized for the purpose of
cross learning with active participation of experts from various fields.
6. Dissemination of information
• The case studies, accidents analysis and other
information related to safety improvements are published
and distributed to the industry through OISDDs
publications "PETROSAFE" and "NEWSLETTERS”.

7. Accident Reporting/Investigation
• OISD maintains a database of accidents taking place in
the oil industry. The analysis of these incidents is shared
with the industry to avoid recurrence. OISD also
investigates the major incidents.
SUB- GROUPS WITHIN OISD
 A. Exploration & Production
• OISD undertakes External Safety Audit of E & P
operations (onshore/offshore) of all upstream companies
{review of documents and interaction with the concerned
personnel besides physical tour of the installations
(Production installation/Drilling rig/Workover rig)}.
• All major and fatal incidents are required to be informed
to OISD within 24 hours of occurrence. OISD members
carry out incident investigations of major accidents.
• 26 standards pertain directly to E&P Operations
B. Refining, Gas Processing & Petrochemicals

• The Refineries, Gas Processing and Petrochemical Plants are subjected to High
Safety Risk on account of potential hazard from fire & explosion due to handling,
processing & storage of highly flammable liquid with low flash point.
• The Process Group of OISD carry out External safety Audits, Surprise safety
Checks and Pre Commissioning Safety Checks. The focus areas in such audits are:
-
1. Design & layout of the installation
2. Operation safety and plant operating practices 
3. Maintenance and inspection aspects
4. Safety management and fire protection systems
5. Environment compliance
6. Training & development activities
7. Occupational Health Management
C. PIPELINES
• Pipeline Length (Approx)  
1. Crude Pipeline(Onshore)6300 KMS
2. Crude Pipeline(Offshore) 575 KMS
3. Gas Pipeline (Onshore)6900 KMS
4. Gas Pipeline (Offshore) 590 KMS
5. Product Pipeline (Onshore) 9900 KMS
6. LPG Pipeline (Onshore) 2150 KMS
7. NGL Pipeline (Onshore)24 KMS
• Pipeline Group
Pipeline Group created in the year 1986 is responsible for all matters
pertaining to the safety in operations of Pipeline under the Ministry of
Petroleum and Natural Gas.
D. Marketing Operations (MO)

• Marketing Operation group commenced functioning in

1986 . Marketing Operations involve Management of the
supply chain ensuring that the national petroleum product
demand - 148 MMT in 2011-12 is met on time at the
most optimum placement cost all across the country
while maintaining the highest standards of safety.
E. Environment
• The various activities that are carried out by Environment Group are:
1. Environment audit
2. Development of Standards
3. Seminars & Training
4. Monitoring of Oil Spill Response Tier-I Facilities
5. Joint inspection of OSR Tier-I facilities with Coast Guard
6. Co-ordination with other agencies like Coast Guard , MOEF, CPCB,
BIS for issues related to industry .
F. Engineering

• Engineering Group of OISD is a nodal agency lending necessary support

to all the other groups in OISD on technical matters besides making new
standards and revision of existing engineering standards on the basis of
technical developments/ advancements.
BUREAU OF INDIAN
STANDARDS
INTRODUCTION

• BIS is the national Standards Body of India, under Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution,
Government of India

• Established by the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 which came into effect on 23 December 1986

• Formerly the Indian Standards Institution (ISI), set up on 3 September 1946. The ISI was registered under the
Societies Registration Act, 1860

• As a corporate body, it has 25 members drawn from Central or State Governments, industry, scientific and
research institutions, and consumer organisations

• Its headquarters are in New Delhi, with regional offices in Kolkata, Chennai, Mumbai, Chandigarh and Delhi and
20 branch offices.
BIS AND INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BODIES

• BIS is a founder member of International Organisation for

Standardization (ISO)

• It represents India in the International Organization for

Standardization(ISO), the International Electrotechnical
Commission(IEC) and the World Standards Service Network (WSSN)
BIS: STANDARD FORmULATION AND
PROMOTION
• The major functions of the Bureau is the formulation, recognition and promotion of the
Indian Standards.

• As on 31 August 2013, 19067 Standards formulated by BIS, are in force. These cover
important segments of economy, which help the industry in upgrading the quality of their
products and services

• BIS has identified 14 sectors which are important to Indian Industry

• The Standards are regularly reviewed and formulated in line with the technological
development to maintain harmony with the International Standards.
BIS: PRODUCT CERTIFICATION SCHEME

• To support this, BIS has a chain of 8 laboratories

• These laboratories have established testing facilities for products of chemical, food, electrical and
mechanical disciplines. Around 25000 samples are being tested in the BIS laboratories every year

• Product Certifications are to be obtained voluntarily. For products like Milk powder, Drinking
Water, LPG Cylinders, Thermometers etc., certification is mandatory. Because these products are
concerned with health and safety

• All foreign manufacturers of products who intend to export to India are required to obtain a BIS
product certification license. Towards this, BIS launched its Product Certification Scheme for
overseas manufacturers in the year 1999.
CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL
BOARD (CPCB)
INTRODUCTION
• A statutory organization under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate
Change (MoEF&CC).
• Established in 1974 under the Water (Prevention and Control of pollution) Act, 1974
• Entrusted with the powers and functions under the Air (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act, 1981
• Serves as a field formation and also provides technical services to the Ministry of
Environment and Forests under the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act,
1986.
• Apex organization in country in the field of pollution control, as a technical wing of
MoEF.
• Led by its chairman, nominated by the Central Government. The current acting chairman
is Shri S.P. Singh Parihar IAS .
• Head office in New Delhi, with 7 zonal offices and 5 laboratories.
• It has approximately 500 full-time employees including engineers, scientists, and
environmental protection specialists.
FUNCTIONS OF CPCB

As per Water Act and Air Act, main functions of CPCB:

• Promoting cleanliness of streams and wells in different areas of the States
through prevention, control and abatement of water pollution
• Improving the quality of air and to prevent, control or abate air pollution in the
country
FUNCTIONS OF CPCB (Continued)

 Co-ordinate the activities of the State Boards and resolve disputes among them

 Organise training of persons engaged in programmes for prevention, control or abatement of water and air
pollution

 Provides technical assistance to municipal committees

  Regulates and controls noise producing and generating sources, to maintain the ambient air quality standards

 Maintains environmental data statistics w.r.t water quality and air quality

 Establish or recognize laboratories to enable the Board to perform

SPECIFIC STANDARDS SET BY
CPCB (Oil & Gas INDUSTRY)
• GUIDELINES FOR LIQUID EFFLUENTS:

• OFF SHORE FACILITIES:

 The oil content of the treated effluent without dilution shall not exceed
40 mg/l for 95% of the observation and shall never exceed 100 mg/l.

 ON-SHORE FACILITIES

 Permissible parameters for marine disposal are tabulated in next slide 

S.No. Parameter On-shore discharge standards
(Not to exceed)

1. pH 5.5—9.0
2. Temperature 40oC
3. Suspended Solids 100 mg/l
4. Zinc 2 mg/l
5. BOD 30 mg/l
6. COD 100mg/l
7. Chlorides 600 mg/l
8. Sulphates 1000 mg/l
9. TDS 2100 mg/l
10. %Sodium 60 mg/l
11. Oil and Grease 10 mg/l
12. Phenolics 1.2 mg/l
13. Cyanides 0.2 mg/l
14. Fluorides 1.5 mg/l
15. Sulphides 2.0 mg/l
16. Chromium(Cr+6) 0.1 mg/l
17. Chromium (Total) 1.0 mg/l
18. Copper 0.2 mg/l
19. Lead 0.1 mg/l
20. Mercury 0.01 mg/l
 GUIDELINES FOR DISCHARGE OF
GASEOUS EMISSION
 
• All the gaseous emissions are to be flared.

• All flaring shall be done by elevated flares

• In case of ground flare, to minimize the effects of flaring, the flare pit at Group Gathering
Station(GGS)/Oil Collecting Station(OCS) and Group Collection Station(GCS) shall be made of RCC
surrounded by a permanent wall (made of refractory brick) of minimum 5m height, to reduce the
radiation and glaring effects in the adjoining areas.

• In case of elevated flaring, the minimum stack height shall be 30m so to meet ambient air quality
standards
  

GUIDELINES FOR DISPOSAL OF DRILL CUTTING AND DRILLING FLUIDS FOR ONSHORE INSTALLATIONS:
 
 

• Drill Cuttings (DC) from on shore locations should be properly washed and unusable drilling
fluids (DF) such as WBM, Oil Base Mud (OBM), Synthetic Base Mud (SBM) should be
disposed off in a well designed pit lined with impervious liner located off-site or on-site.

 
• Chemical additives used for the preparation of DF should have low toxicity.

• Chemicals used (mainly organic constituents) should be biodegradable.

• DC separated from OBM after washing should have oil content at < 10 gm/kg for disposal into
disposal pit.
GUIDELINES FOR DISPOSAL OF DRILL CUTTING AND
DRILLING FLUIDS FOR OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS:

• Use of diesel based mud is prohibited. Only WBM is permitted for offshore drilling

• Bulk discharge of DF in offshore is prohibited except in emergency situations.

• The DC wash water should be treated to confirm limits notified under EPA, before
disposal into Sea. The treated effluent should be monitored regularly.

• Offshore drilling operators must submit the compliance report once in every six-month to
Ministry of Environment and Forests.
SPCB (ASSAM)
INTRODUCTION

• State Pollution Control Board, Assam is an autonomous statutory

organization constituted on 2nd June, 1975 under the provision of section 4
of the Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1974 with a view to
protecting the environment and preventing and controlling the pollution of
water and air in the State of Assam, occupying a prominent niche in
progressive and industrial development of the country.
Functions And Activities

• Comprehensive programme on Water, Air, Land etc., Pollution Control and

Execution thereon.
• Advice and liaison with the State Government on any matter concerning
environmental pollution.
• Investigation and research relating to pollution and environmental problems.
• Inspections of sewage, trade effluent sites, industries, various industrial, plants
and Sewage Treatment Plants.
• To evolve economical and reliable methods of treatment of sewage and effluent.
• Laying down or modification of effluent and emission standards.
 Different Acts & Rules Empowering SPCB

• Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974

• Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
BHARAT STAGE
Introduction

• Emission standards to regulate air pollutants from internal combustion & spark ignition engines.

• Implemented by Central Pollution Control Board.

• Higher the value, stricter the norms.

• The first emission norms were introduced in India in 1991 for petrol and 1992 for diesel
vehicles.

• In 2002, the Indian government accepted the report submitted by the Mashelkar committee.

India 2000 YEAR-2000

BS II YEAR-2005

BS III YEAR-2010

BS IV YEAR-2017

BS V Skip

BS VI YEAR-2020
 Petrol emission norms Diesel emission norms

Emission Norm CO HC NOx HC+NOx Emission Norm CO HC NOx HC+NOx

BS III 2.30 0.2 0.15 --- ---
0 BS III 0.64 --- 0.50 0.56 0.05
BS IV 1 0.1 0.08 --- ---
0 BS IV 0.50 --- 0.25 0.30 0.025
Euro 6 1 0.1 0.06 --- 0.005
0 Euro 6 0.50 --- 0.06 0.17 0.005
 Difficulties Faced
• Development of new or upgrade of old engines required
• Years of expensive research & development required
• Full scale production required
• Expensive end product for customer
• Stocks of older vehicles to be sold
• Cleaner fuel required
STATS
i. Stock of around 8.24 lakh such
vehicles
ii. These included around 96,000
commercial vehicles, over 6 lakh
two-wheelers and around 40,000
three-wheelers
iii. As per a report, the Centre has
spent around Rs 18,000 to 20,000
crore for producing cleaner fuel.
CRITICISM
• India's auto sector accounts for about 18% of the total CO2
emissions

• currently there are no standards for CO2 emission limits for

pollution from vehicles

• The objective of reducing pollution not achieved to a large extent

by the present system.

• Independent centers do not follow rigorous procedures

• Equipment not subjected to periodic calibration by independent

authority

• Tracking system of vehicles failing to meet norms non-existent

 BHARAT STAGE Vs. EURO
BHARAT STAGE EURO

1. Testing at 24 to 28 ⁰C 1. Testing at zero ⁰C

2. A maximum speed of 2. A maximum speed of

90km/h is stipulated 120km/h is stipulated

• Only a few cities meet Euro IV or Bharat Stage IV standards

that are nine years behind Europe.

• The rest of India gets Bharat Stage III standard fuel and
vehicles, which are 14 years behind Europe
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR
STANDARDIZATION
INTRODUCTION

• ISO is an independent, non-governmental organization,

• The members of which are the standards organizations of the 162

• Founded on 23rd February 1947

• Headquartered in Geneva , Switzerland

• Promotes worldwide proprietary, industrial and commercial standards

• Nearly twenty thousand standards have been set globally

• Members are recognized authorities on standards, each one representing one

country. Members meet annually at a General Assembly to discuss ISO's
strategic objectives
ISO has three membership categories:

• Member bodies are national bodies considered the most

representative standards body in each country. These are the
only members of ISO that have voting rights.

• Correspondent members are countries that do not have their

own standards organization. These members are informed
about ISO's work, but do not participate in standards
promulgation.

• Subscriber members are countries with small economies. They

pay reduced membership fees, but can follow the development
of standards.
International Standards are developed by ISO technical
committees (TC) and subcommittees (SC) by a process with six
steps:

Stage 1: Proposal stage

Stage 2: Preparatory stage

Stage 3: Committee stage

Stage 4: Enquiry stage

Stage 5: Approval stage

Stage 6: Publication stag

CRITICISM

With the exception of a small number of isolated

standards, ISO standards are normally not available
free of charge, but for a purchase fee, which has been
seen by some as too expensive for small open source
projects.
Broad Objectives

• Develop North East Region as a dominant hydrocarbon hub.

• Double the production of Oil and Natural Gas by 2030
• Access to clean fuel for 100% households at affordable price in the
region
• Provide pipeline connectivity by installing new POL and LPG Pipeline
• Develop natural gas grid, CGD networks and CNG Highways
• Generate employment opportunities through Industrial and skill
development
Broad Characteristics
Demand-
Supply
Analysis
Action Plan (Upstream)

• Production related issues.

• Resolution of disputes.
• Offering premium on natural gas production in NER.
• Availability of service providers.
• State policy support.
• Clearance and approvals.
• Zero phase of exploration.
Action Plan (Midstream)

• Increase Crude Oil Pipeline Capacity.

• Increase Gas Pipeline Capacity.
• Increase POL Product Pipeline.
• Lay down LPG Product Pipeline.
• Uniform Pipeline Tariff.
• Right of Way Issues.
THANK
YOU