9.

3 Main Processes of the Earth

EXOGENIC PROCESS ENDOGENIC PROCESS

- caused by forces from within the
-Occur on Earth’s surface earth
- forms and changes the earth’s
1.Weathering
surface
2.Erosion
3.Transport and Sedimentation 1.Mantle convection process
4.Mass and Land Depletion 2.Earth’s crust movement
3.Magma activity
EXOGENIC - Fragmentation and
decomposition
1. Weathering - Due to changes in
temperature, rainwater,
frosting and microorganisms
EXOGENIC - Eroding of earth’s surface
- By moving agents (water,
2. Erosion
wind, waves)
 - Material moved by agents
EXOGENIC (running water, wave)
3. Transport and - Material sediment when velocity
sedimentation of agents decreased
EXOGENIC - Soil movement from top of a
slope to below
4. Mass & land - Result of gravitational force
depletion
 ENDOGENIC
1. Mantle
Convection
- High temperature in process
mantle and core produces
convection current
- Able to move Earth’s crust
- Form volcano
 ENDOGENIC
2. Earth’s
crust
movement
- Earth’s crust is divided into several pieces of plates
(Theory of Plate Tectonics)
- Resulting in collision and divergence
- Forms mountain ranges
 ENDOGENIC
3. Magma activity

- Volcanovent on the Earth’s crust

- Molten and hot magma flow out in a strong eruption
- Erupted material  form volcanic cones
 9.4 Geohazard Phenomena
- Consequences of the endogenic process

1. VOLCANISM
 9.4 Geohazard Phenomena
- Consequences of the endogenic process

2. EARTHQUAKE
 9.4 Geohazard Phenomena
- Consequences of the endogenic process

3. TSUNAMI
Landslide
Global Warming

Sinkhole
Other
Geohazard
QUICKSAND
Usually occur in
wetlands
 ACID RAIN
Usually occur in
industrial area
Science and Technology Used to Prepare for Geohazards

SENSOR Placed on the slope of hills to give

SYSTEM early warnings of landslides
Science and Technology Used to Prepare for Geohazards

TSUNAMI
WARNING Placed at the shoreline to give
SYSTEM(TWS) early warning via satellite
Science and Technology Used to Prepare for Geohazards

EARTHQUAKE As an earthquake warning

DETECTOR system