Website

Design &
Developm
ent
LO1 Explain server technologies and management services
associated with hosting and managing websites 
• P1 Identify the purpose and types of DNS, including
explanations on how domain names are organised and
managed. 

* The concept of DNS:

- DNS (Domain Name System) is a system that makes it easy for
people and machines to connect. DNS (Domain Name System) is a
system that converts hostnames (domain names) into numbers that
computers can recognize. It's almost like your phone's Contacts app!
DNS stands for Domain Name System, and it is a database system
that converts website names into IP addresses. The information for
each domain name that corresponds to a specific IP address is
contained in a "directory library" on domain name servers. 
* Purpose and type of DNS:
- The DNS protocol was created to assist users in switching from a difficult-to-
remember IP address used by a device to an easy-to-remember user name while
still making the Internet system simple to use communication and growth.

+ There are approximately four types of servers:

• DNS Recursor: It's the equivalent to a conscientious employee retrieving and
restoring details to the client (browser) in order to locate the right information
they need. The DNS recursor would almost certainly need to seek assistance
from the Root DNS Server in order to retrieve details.
• Root Nameserver: In truth, the Root Nameserver receives the request from
the DNS recursive resolver. The server then answers by stating that it must
search for unique top-level domain name servers (TLD nameserver).

• TLD Nameserver: It is a top-level domain (TLD). TLD nameservers are the

servers that manage this sort of top-level domain. It is in charge of managing
all details for a common domain extension.

• Authoritative Nameserver: The authoritative nameserver keeps track of which

domain names are related to each other. This tells the recursive resolver what
IP address to look for in its log list.
P2 Explain the purpose and relationships between communication protocols, server
hardware, operating systems and web server software with regards to designing,
publishing and accessing a website.
* Communication protocol: 

- Communication protocols are essential in telecommunications and other networks because they ensure that
messages are sent and received in a consistent and universal manner.

* Server hardware:

- The hardware of a computer, or the parts that make up a complete device, is known as server hardware.
Hardware accessories on PCs include mice, switches, cameras, hard disks, DVD drives, and so on.

* Server software:

- Server software is software that is intended to be run, maintained, and used on a computer server. It allows
and simplifies the use of underlying server processing power for a variety of high-end computing facilities and
functions.
Server operating system
- Server operating systems are built from the ground up to support multi-user,
networked applications that are often business-critical. As a result, rather than
focusing on user experience, such operating systems prefer to prioritize security,
stability, and cooperation.
Typical host operating systems like window and linux:
- The Linux kernel is at the heart of the operating system. It was founded by Linus
Torvalds in the year 1991. The primary purpose of the Linux operating system is to
control computing resources and objects.
Pros: 
• It also provides technical assistance from the perspective of the system
administrator.
• It is highly secure and less vulnerable to cyber-threats.
• It has multitasking capabilities.
Cons: 
• From a technical assistance standpoint, it is still on the lower end of the
spectrum as compared to Windows support.
• It usually doesn't get much help when it comes to driver development and
storage management.
• From the standpoint of games and entertainment support, it is less compatible
than Windows servers.
Windows Server: Microsoft usually supports various versions over ten years, with five
years of primary support and five years of expanded support. Windows Server is a brand
name for a category of server operating systems that is essentially a Microsoft product.
Pros:
• From the end-standpoint, user's it takes an approach that is conveniently flexible.
• In comparison to its counterparts, system upgrades are simple to deploy.
• It is easy to use and is based on a graphical user interface.
Cons:
• It is not freely available and is subject to a high-priced licensing scheme.
• It's also vulnerable to malicious software and user errors.
• From a multi-user standpoint, it is not a viable alternative.
Conclusion:
- After comparing market share across a variety of criteria, it can be inferred that these
are two of the most popular web-hosting providers for application growth, but each has
its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Developers should study and explore
various facets of both systems before deciding on one. As a result, depending on the
type of project, the amount of time required, and other factors considered, one of these
two options should be chosen to achieve the desired result.
Web server (Apache, IIS)

- A web server is a computer that runs software to support web applications. The web server can receive requests
from web browsers and respond to them using HTTP or other protocols. There are a variety of web servers to choose
from: Nginx, Apache, and IIS.

Web server properties: 

• To store data for their website, people often rent tiny servers, virtual servers VPS, or hosting.

•  static and dynamic content can be served by a server. The term "static" refers to material that is complete and
simple to set up. Dynamic content is that which has been processed or generated by the server using data from a
database, formatted, and pushed into an HTTP Template before being submitted to the user.
• Any machine will become a web server by installing a Server Software application and connecting to the internet.
Server software is advanced software that can be installed and used on any device with enough memory. It allows
people to view the details on the website from another device over the phone.
LO2 Categorise website technologies, tools and software used to develop websites

P3 Discuss the capabilities and relationships between front-end and back-end website technologies and
explain how these relate to presentation and application layers.

* Explanation of static and dynamic web 

Static website: A static website is the most simple and straightforward kind of website. To make a static website, you
don't need to know much about web engineering or database architecture. HTML is used to code the web sites. The
codes are fixed on each page, ensuring that the content on the page does not alter and that it appears to be written. 
Dynamic website: A dynamic
website is a list of dynamic web
pages with dynamic content. It
uses a database or a Content
Management System to get
content (CMS). As a result, when
you change or update the
database's content, the website's
content is either changed or
modified.
* Drive to front-end and back-end technologies

Back End:  Server-side rendering, also known as back-end

web creation, was once the de facto method of creating
websites and web apps. When you enter a website, you send
a content request to the server, which the server handles and
sends back to your browser. Many of the steps involved with
constructing an HTML page that your web browser can
recognize are done on a remote server running the website or
web application as it makes server-side.This involves
retrieving data from libraries and executing the reasoning that
your web application needs. Your web browser is inactive
while the remote server is at work, waiting for the server to
finish processing the request and submitting a response.
When a web browser receives a response, it interprets it and
displays the information on the page.
Front End: Client-side rendering, also known as front-end creation, is a new form of web rendering that has
appeared in recent years. With client-side rendering, the content is rendered on your platform rather than on a
remote web server, and it is done in JavaScript, the de facto web language. In practice, this ensures that a
server is only used to support the raw web application, while the browser is responsible for rendering it in its
final form, HTML. It also means that some of the logic involved in making the web page is done on the client-
side, especially the logic that deals with how items are displayed to the user on the screen (known as
presentation logic). With the introduction of JavaScript libraries like Angular, React, and Vue, client-side
rendering became widespread.

* Clarify the capabilities and relationship front-end and back-end

- This ‘non-visual’ aspect of the program is the responsibility of the backend developer. If data must be saved, it
establishes a database link and performs CRUD (create, interpret, edit, and delete) operations on documents.
The ‘visual’ part of the framework is the responsibility of the frontend developer. He builds user interfaces that
you often interact with. They have a really close relationship. You must have a harmonious team if you want to
produce a decent product. At the start of a project, collaboration between those two styles of developers is
critical. They must create a data schema and an authorization form for the project.
* Explanation of Presentation and Application layers

- Layer 6 of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is the presentation layer. It is used to present data in a reliable, well-
defined, and structured format to the application layer (layer 7). The syntax layer is another name for the presentation layer.

- The presentation layer is responsible for the following:

• Data encryption/decryption

• Character/string conversion

• Data compression

• Graphic handling

The presentation layer is primarily responsible for converting data between the application layer and network format. Data can be
communicated in a variety of formats and from a variety of sources. As a result, the presentation layer is in charge of converting all
formats into a common format for reliable and accurate communication. The display layer adheres to data programming structure
schemes created for various languages and provides the real-time syntax needed for communication between two objects such as
structures, programs, or networks. The next layers must embrace the data format; otherwise, the presentation layer will not function
properly. Redirectors and gateways are examples of network devices or modules used within the presentation layer.
• P4 Discuss the differences between online website creation tools and custom built sites with regards to design flexibility,
performance, functionality, User Experience (UX) and User Interface (UI).
* Examples of online creation tool:
 • Soapbox 
• Stencil 
• Canva 
• Gliffy