SOCIAL

WELFARE
ADMINISTRATIO
N
DR. C. R. CHRISTI ANANDAN, SHC-TPT
 Welfare State
 Welfare state, concept of government in which the
state or a well-established network of social
institutions plays a key role in the protection and
promotion of the economic and social well-being of
citizens.
 Definition
Acc. to Dr. Abraham, “A welfare state is a
community where state power is
deliberately used to modify the normal play
of economic forces so as to obtain a more
equal distribution of income for every
citizen.”

Acc to Kent, “A welfare state is a state

which provides for its citizens a wide range
of social services.”
INTRODUCTION
 Policy in the present context, refers to course or general
plan of action adapted by a government, political party,
person, etc., The term “social policy” will be used here
to refer to plans of action adopted by the central and state
governments. (However, private organisations and
groups may hold their own policies also.)
 SP refers to plans of action in regard to all special issues
such as poverty, religious harmony, social needs
(Housing, population control etc.) and the ways to meet
these needs.
DEFINITIONS
 Social Policies are connected with the rights
ordering of the network of relationships between
men and women who live together in societies, or
with the principles which govern the activities of
individuals and groups so far as they affect the
lives and interests of other people (Prof. Macbeath,
1957)
DEFINITIONS
 Social policy is a plan having its mainspring in the
desire to ensure every member of the community
certain minimum standards and certain
opportunities (Prof. Hagenbuch, 1958)
 Social Policy aims at providing welfare for the
citizens and has economic (e.g. Minimum wages) as
well as non-economic objectives (e.g. Minimum
standards of working conditions) and involves some
measures of progressive redistribution in command
from rich to poor (Richard M. Titmuss, 1977)
NEED FOR SOCIAL POLICY
 SP can discharge the social services fruitfully.
 Social objectives can be achieved through social policy.
 Evaluation and assessment of social services can be conducted on
the foundation of the social policy.
 Social planning for development can be done on the basis of SP.
 It prevents problems and mismanagement among the administrators.
 SP takes into consideration the social situation established in the
country
 Long term and short-term objectives are set-up by the SP.
 Unbiased socio-economic development is possible through
formulating SP.
OBJECTIVES OF SOCIAL
POLICY
 SP aims at bringing about social change.
 To help in proper redistribution of social resources.
 To improve the quality of life of people and protect the
weaker sections of the society.
 To exterminate poverty and create employment
opportunities.
 To develop human resources
 To provide people’s participation in the development
progression.
 To minimise human agony and maximise human welfare.
SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY
 Social Welfare Policy (SWP) specially refers to
policies in the area of welfare that is social assistance,
social security, social insurance and social problems in
general. The term welfare refers to the up-liftment of
the weak, the backward and the handicapped.
 Examples:
 Secularism (treating all religion alike) is a social policy. On
the other hand, the Employee State Insurance scheme
comes under purview of the social welfare policy.
 In other words social policy is more general in nature while
social welfare policy refers to a particular welfare issue.
Social Policy in Relation to
Constitution and Fundamental Rights
The makers of Indian constitution were interested in creating
an India that was secular, democratic and offered equal
opportunities and freedom to all.

 Art. 14 guarantees equality before law; the state shall not

deny to any person equality before the law or the equal
protection of laws within the territory of India.
 Article 15, prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion,
caste, sex or place of birth for access to shops, public
restaurants, hotels and places of public entertainment of or
the use of public wells, tanks, bathing, ghats, roads and
places or public resorts maintained wholly or partly out of
state funds or dedicated to the use of the general public.
Cont…
 Article 16 provides equality of opportunity in matters of public
employment.
 Article 17abolishes unsociability and forbids its practices in any form and
make the offence punishable in accordance with law.
 Article19 protects rights of freedom of speech and expression, to assemble
peacefully and without arms, to form associations or unions, to move
freely throughout the territory of India, to reside and settle any part of the
territory of India and to practice any profession or to carry on any
occupation trade or business.
 Article 21 provides protection of life and personality Liberty
 Article 23 Prohibits traffic in human beings and forced labour
 Article 24 prohibits employment to children below the age of 14 years in
any factory and mines or any other hazardous employment.
 Article 26 grants freedom to manage religious affairs to every religious
denomination.
Cont…
 Article 28 denies religious instruction in any educational
institutions wholly maintained out of state funds.
 Article 29 grants protection of interests of minorities and
other rights to establish and administer educational
institutions.
 Finally, Article 32 provides remedies for enforcement of
the fundamental rights by empowering the Supreme
Court or issue directions, orders or writs. The
fundamental rights to property hindered to attainment of
welfare state and were against the interest of the vast
majority of poor people. It was therefore declared as a
mere legal rights by the constitution.
DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF
STATE POLICY
Article 36 to 51 have a special status as they are titled
as Directive Principles of State Policy, the states
are required to apply these principles in making
policies and laws. (However, no court can compel
the government to do so.)

 To promote the welfare of the people by securing a

social order permeated by justice – social, economic
and political – and to minimise inequalities in
income, status, facilities and opportunities (Art 38)
CONT…
 To secure:
 The right to adequate means of livelihood for all
citizens;
 The equitable distribution of material resources of the
community for the common good;
 Prevention of concentration of wealth and means of
production;
 Equal pay for equal work for men and women;
 Preservation of the health and strength of workers and
children against forcible abuse; and
 Opportunities for healthy development of children (Art
30)
CONT…
 To promote equal justice and to provide free legal aid to the
poor (art 39A)
 To secure the right to work, to education and to public
assistance in case of unemployment, old age, sickness and
disablement (Art 41)
 To make provision for just and humane conditions for work
and maternity relief (Art 43)
 To secure a living wage, a decent standard of life and social
and cultural opportunities for all the workers (art 43A)
 To take steps to secure the participation of workers in the
management of industries (Art 43A)
 To raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living of
people and to improve public health (Art 47)
Content of Social Policy:
(P.D. Kulkarni)
 Immediate and short-term goals consistent with the
long-term perspective.
 Demarcate the respective roles of the State and
voluntary
 Highlight the broad priorities between economic and
social services themselves.
 Suggest the pattern of coordination.
 Stipulate the standards of service to be promoted and,
 Declare the nature of legislative and executive
measures to be taken.
Three contrasting models and functions of
social policy (Richard M. Titmus, 1977)

 The residual welfare Model of Social

Policy:
 Two natural channels Family and private market to
satisfy the needs of an individual.
 Failure of which the SW Agency come in to play ;
and only for temporary relief.
CONT…
 The industrial Achievement Performance
Model of Social Policy:
 Social needs should be met on the basis of merit,
work performance and productivity.
 Derived from various economic and physiological
theories concerned with incentives, effort and
reward, and the formation of class and group
loyalties.
 Described as Handmaiden Mode.
CONT..
 The institutional Redistribute Model of
Social Policy:
 Providing universalistic services outside the
market on the principle of need.
 Theories about the multiple effects of social
change and the economic system, and in part on
the principle of social equality
 In command – over-resources
SOCIAL POLICY AND PLANNED
SOCIAL CHANGE
Every welfare programme and piece of legislation
represents an intention to bring about social change
– e.g. Campaign against dowry and legislation to
curb this practice. However, change comes about
slowly, if at all. The reasons for changes taking
place at a very slow rate are as follows;
CONT…
 Resistance due to cultural beliefs
 Cost of change. Ex. Cost of providing standard housing for all.
 Limited demonstrability of innovations. The advantages of
limiting the size of the family or satisfactory sanitary conditions
of the surroundings cannot be demonstrated with in a few hours
or overnight. People are therefore slow to accept them.
 Vested interest: those who take dowry, those who profit from
commercial sex and those who wish to deny women equal rights
and other privileges have a lot to gain by resisting the changes
that may come about through legislations.

Nevertheless it is the responsibility of the administrators. Social reformers and

every right thinking citizen to seek to bring about worthwhile changes in the
society despite the opposition and resistance encountered.