🦠 Microbes in human

welfare
 Introduction of microbes
Microbes (protozoa,bacteria,plant and animal viruse
s,viriods,prions etc) are present in biotic and abiotic
environment.
Microbes are less than 0.1mm in size.
Microbes are ell known for their virulence But many
microbes are also beneficial for life in diverse way.
Microbes are of industrial, medical and commercial i
mportance.
Major fields of this branch are industrial microbiolog
y,food microbiology,and medical microbiology
BIOTECHNOLOGY
The use of living things for the welfare of mankind i
s called BIOTECHNOLOGY
Biotechnology play a vital role in the production of
useful products like
Insulin ,human growth hormone,tissue plasminoge
n activator,hepatitis b vaccine ,heamophilia factor 8
,thrombin protein, biodegradable plastic etc
HOUSEHOLD IMPORTANCE

CURD FORMATION
• Production of curd from milk
• LAB(lactic acid bacteria)is responsible for curd form
ation
• A small amount of inoculum of curd Is required bec
ause it contain large amount of LAB
• LAB is rich source of lactic acid that partially digest
milk protein and convert it into curd
Fermentation
• Formation of alcohol in absence of oxygen is called
as Alcholic fermentation
• Baker's yeast(saccharomyces cereviseae)is used for
this purpose
• This yeast convert pyruvate(end product of glycolysi
s) into Alcohol and CO2.
• Dough is prepared by this method and co2 evolved
causing puffing of dough
• Dough is used for bakery products
CHEESE MAKING

SWISS CHEESE
This Is made by bacterium
• Propioni bacterium sharmanii
• This bacterium produces large amount of co2 which
gives characteristics holes to cheese ROQUEFORT C
HEESE
• This cheese is made by fungi penicillium
• Which gives them characteristics flavour and aroma
to some cheese
• Soya sauce and soya paste are obtained from soya
bean by aspergillus species
INDUSTRIAL IMPORTANCE
ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE
• Alcoholic beverages are product of alcholic ferment
ation of specific substrate
• These include wine beer and wishky
• Strains of yeast(saccharomyces cereviseae)are resp
onsible for this
• BEER is produced by the fermentation of fermente
d grains like barley
• Main steps are the malting mashing and fermentati
on
• Whiskey is obtained by fermentation of corn wheat
and barley
ORGANIC ACID PRODUCTION
• Aspergillus niger • Citric acid
• Aspergillus niger • Gluconic acid
• Rhizopus arrhizus • Fumaric acid
• Acetobactor aceti • Acetic acid(vineger)
OTHER USES
• Natural dyes obtained from lichens are used in texti
le industirs
• Microbes are Also uses as biofilters
• They are also used for bioremediation (removing en
vironmental pollutens)
• They play important role in ecological succession
• They are used as bioindicators
• They are also used for the sewage treatment and bi
ogas production
MEDICINAl USAGE
INSULIN PRODUCTION
• For production of insulin the gene responsible for t
he insulin production in human is isolated with the
enzyme of bacteria and inserted into the plasmid of
bacteria by another enzyme ligase this forms an rec
ombinant DNA
• Bacteria take this recombinant DNA and start multi
plying
• By this technique insulin is produced or many copie
s of insulin Gene is produced
Vitamin production
• Vitamin are the organic compounds requires in sma
ll amount for body metalbolism and survival.
• These are vitamin A,B,C,D etc
• Some of these are synthesized by the microbes
• Vitamin B12 • Pseudomons denificans
• Neurospora gissypri
• Vitamin B2
• Aspergillus niger
• Vitamin C
Antibiotics production
Antibiotics are the substances that inhibit the grwoth
of microorganisms
These are antibacterial or antifungal
 PENICILIN
• Penicilin first antibiotic discovered by Alexender Fle
mming In 1928 is obtained from penicilium notatu
m a fungus
• Othet antibiotics are
Microbial Ant
ibiotics sources
• Streptomyces grisisus • Streptomycin
• Streptomyces erythreu
s • Erthyromycin
• Streptomyces Venezuel
a
• Chloromyciten
ENZYME PRODUCTION
• Enzyems are the biocatalysts that speed up the che
mical reaction
• Some of the enzymes are produced by microbes
Microbes. Enz
yems
• Saccharomyces cerevise • Invetase
ae
• Trichoderma kongi • Cellulase

• Rhizopus spp • Lipase

• Sclerotiana libertine • Pectinase

Medicines
• Lovastatin is used for lowering blood cholesterol
• Cyclosporine obtained from soil fungus is used for p
reventing transplant rejection in organ transplant
• Ergotein to relieve one kind of headache migrain
• Griseofulvin is used to inhibit fungul growth
Genetic researches
• Microbes are extensively used in genetic researches
and biomolecular reseach
• Heamophilia influenza was the first microbe to have
gemone completely sequenced
• Saachromyce cereviseae is the first eukrayote to be
used In genetic research
Thank you