ADDRESSIN

G Shem VALDEZ
CHRISTIAN MANALO
TRICIA CLEOFE
HANZ REYMUNDO
MARIONE JAVIER
CAMILLE MENDOZA
Group 4
 WHAT IS 2

ADDRESSING ?
HOST

Use To COMPUTER/D

uniquely EVICES

i pa ti n g
t ic
identify par
NETWOR
To be able K
to connect and move data packets between
any devices in a network.
 4 levels of 3

addresses
are used in an internet, employing the TCP/IP protocols: physical address,
logical address, port address, and application-specific address. Each address is
related to a one layer in the TCP/IP architecture:

Application Application-specific
Addresses
Layer
Transport Layer Port Addresses

(Internet)Networ Logical Addresses

k Layer
(Network Physical Addresses

Interface )
 1. 4

PHYSICAL
ADDRESS
(Link Address)
 PHYsICAL 5

ADDRESS
The physical address, also known as the link address, is the
address of a node as defined by its LAN or WAN. It is included
in the frame used by the data link layer. It is the lowest-level
address. The size and format of these addresses vary
depending on the network.
 6

For example:
Ethernet uses a 6-byte (48-bit) physical
address that is imprinted on the network
interface card (NIC).

Most local area networks use a 6-byte (48-bit)

physical address written as 12 hexadecimal digits.
07:01:02:01:2C:4B
every byte (2 hexadecimal digits) is separatedMAC ADDRESS
A
by a6-byte(12 hexadecimal
colon, as shown : digits) physical
address
7
 8

Multicast, and
Broadcast
Physical
Addresses
 9

Unicast, Multicast, and Broadcast Physical

Addresses Physical addresses
Physical addresses can be either :
o unicast (one single recipient)
o multicast (a group of recipients)
o or broadcast (to be received by all systems in the network).

Some networks support all three addresses. A source address is always a unicast
address—the frame comes from only one station. The destination address,
however, can be unicast, multicast, or broadcast. The least significant bit of the
first byte defines the type of address.
 2. 10

LOGICAL
ADDRESS
(VIRTUAL ADDRESS)
 INTRODUCTION TO LOGICAL 11

ADDRESS
u nn
in g
Address is
C E NTRA
RA
R
M generated L
RO G
P BY PROC
d
E SS
e I
ca
ll NG
Logical U NIT
address
 12

NETWORK
LOGICAL
ADDRESSING
 13

LOGICAL ADDRESSING
Every network device has a physical address called
a MAC address, which is assigned to the device at the
factory. When you buy a network interface card to
install into a computer, the MAC address of that card
is fixed and can’t be changed.
 14

But what if you want to

use some other
addressing scheme to
refer to the computers
and other devices on
 15

This is where the concept of logical addressing comes

in…

• A logical address lets you access a network device by

using an address that you assign.
• Logical addresses are created and used by Network
layer protocols such as IP or IPX. The Network layer
protocol translates logical addresses to MAC
addresses.
 16

For example:
If you use IP as the Network layer protocol,
devices on the network are assigned, IP
addresses such as 207.120.67.30. Because the
IP protocol must use a Data Link layer
protocol to actually send packets to devices,
IP must know how to translate the IP
address of a device to the device’s MAC
address.
 INTO
MOST PROTOCOLS DIVIDE 2 PARTS
LOGICAL ADDRESS
DEVICE
ADDRESS
NETWORK ADDRESS

For example, in a typical IP address, such as 192.168.1.102, the

network address is 192.168.1,
and the device address (called a host address in IP) is
102.
 18

3.
PORT ADDRESS
 19

There are many

application running on
the computer.
Runs with
a
Each Application PORT NUMBER
This port no. for
application is decided by
the Kernel of the OS. This port no. is
heart and core
called port address
 Port numbers are associated with network
addresses.
• in TCP/IP networking, both TCP and UDP
utilize their own set of ports that work
together with IP addresses.
TCP T
STAR
and
Number 0 and go up to 65535
S AT
UDP (16 bits in length)

Numbers in the lower ranges are dedicated to common

Internet protocols,
FTP - 21 80 :
HTTP - LIKE
 21

When You May Need to Take Action

with Port Numbers ?
PORT
Network Administrators up
Set
Forwarding
SPECIFY
PORT
NO.IN IN
INSOCKET
NETWORK PROGRAMMERS
THEIR PROGRAMMING
CODE
 4. 22

APPLICATION-
SPECIFIC
ADDRESS
 23

Some applications
have user-friendly
addresses that are
designed for that
specific application.
 24
24

For EXAMPLE:
EMAIL
REFFERED SPECIFIC
to AS
ADDRES
ADDRESS
S
AND
E-mail address: defines the recipient of an e-mail;

URL: URL
hellow@gmail.com
WWW.MHHE.com used to find a document on the
World Wide Web
 25

These addresses,
however, get changed to
the corresponding port
and logical addresses
by the sending computer
using dns.