•DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL

HARNI

MATHEMATICS
Targeting MATHEMATICS
Fractions and Decimals
Chapter : 2
std : VII

Teacher : Mahesh Shitole

INTRODUCTION OF FRACTIONS

We know that
Fraction is a part of whole
These parts are equal and the whole can be one object or a collection of objects.
For example 3/5 , 4/7, 7/ 11 are fractions
In Fraction ,upper part is called numerator and lower part is called denominator
For example, fraction 3/5, 3 is called numerator and 5 is called denominator. .
A line between numerator and denominator is called fraction bar or a horizontal line.
.
 Types of fraction
There are three types of fractions :
i) Proper fraction
ii) Improper fraction
iii) Mixed fraction
i) Proper fraction : When the numerator is
smaller than the denominator, the fraction is
called proper Fraction .
Proper fraction is always less than one.
For example 4/ 7, 7/ 10 are proper fractions.
ii) Improper fraction :
When the numerator is equal to or
greater than the denominator, the fraction is
called improper Fraction . For example
9/7,8/5, etc.
iii) Mixed fraction : Mixed fraction is formed
when whole number and proper fraction
combined. For example 3 3/4, Here 3 is whole
number and ¾ is proper fraction.
Please note that unit fraction is also special
fraction with numerator as one like 1/3, 1/5
etc.
 In earlier standard,
we have learnt that we can add or subtract only
like fractions.
Like fractions have the same denominators.
For example 3/7, 2/7, 5/7 are all like fractions
When we add or subtract fractions, we only add
or subtract their numerator, while their
denominators remain same.
For example : 3/7 + 2/7 = 3 + 2/7 = 5/7
9/5 – 6/5 = 9- 6/5 = 3/5
 Equivalent fractions
Equivalent fraction can be obtained by
multiplying numerator and denominator with
same number.
For examples : Equivalent fraction of
I)3/5 = 3 x 2/5x2 ̀ = 6/10
ii) 4/7 = 4 x 3/ 7 x 3 = 12/ 21
Thus, fractional number which express the
value of the same part of a whole but have
different names are called equivalent fractions
 Following examples show equivalent fractions
Addition of unlike fractions.
Step :
i) Convert unlike fractions into like fractions by
finding their equivalent fraction
( L.C.M.)
ii) Add the numerator with same denominator
iii) Convert into the lowest form if possible.
iv) Convert into mixed fraction if possible.
Please note that proper fraction
cannot be converted into mixed fraction.
Only improper fraction are converted
into mixed fraction.
Subtraction of unlike fractions
 Steps
i) Convert unlike fractions into like fractions by
finding their equivalent fractions
( L.C.M.)
ii) Find the difference of numerators with same
denominator
iii) Convert into lowest form if possible.
iv) Convert into mixed fraction if possible.
 I)

Q- 4 Subtract the- following

=
=
Que. 5
Subtract the following
Que. 6 Find the value
Find the perimeter of the figures given below
(Measurements in metres metres )
Thank you